Table 1.
Proliferation and cell-type specific biomarkers commonly used in human neurogenesis studies.
| Antigen | Function | Expression | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| PROLIFERATION BIOMARKERS | |||
| Ki67 | Unknown | Expression during G1-M | Del Bigio (1999), Blumcke et al. (2001), Bedard and Parent, (2004), Sanai et al. (2004), Boekhoorn et al. (2006), Jin et al. (2006), Macas et al. (2006), Reif et al. (2006), Ziabreva et al. (2006), Fahrner et al. (2007), Shen et al. (2008), Boldrini et al. (2009), Mattiesen et al. (2009), Knoth et al. (2010), Marti-Fabregas et al. (2010) |
| PCNA | Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a co-factor of DNA-PolΔ | Synthesized during S phase | Bernier et al. (2000), Curtis et al. (2003, 2005a,b), Bedard and Parent (2004), Hoglinger et al. (2004), Crespel et al. (2005), Jin et al. (2006), Liu et al. (2008), Shen et al. (2008), Gerber et al. (2009), Kam et al. (2009), Mattiesen et al. (2009), Knoth et al. (2010) |
| MCM2 | Minichromosome maintenance protein 2, a DNA helicase | Throughout cell cycle | Jin et al. (2006), Liu et al. (2008), Shen et al. (2008), Knoth et al. (2010) |
| CELL-SPECIFIC BIOMARKERS | |||
| Nestin | An intermediate filament | NPC, astrocytes, radial glia, perivascular cells | Arnold and Trojanowski (1996), Blumcke et al. (2001), Bedard and Parent (2004), Hoglinger et al. (2004), Crespel et al. (2005), Jin et al. (2006), Macas et al. (2006), Ziabreva et al. (2006), Boldrini et al. (2009), Mattiesen et al. (2009), Knoth et al. (2010), Marti-Fabregas et al. (2010) |
| EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor | C cells, A cells | Weickert et al. (2000), Hoglinger et al. (2004) |
| GFAP | Glial fibrillary acidic protein, an intermediate filament | Quiescent NPCs, B cells, radial glia, astrocytes | Eriksson et al. (1998), Del Bigio (1999), Bernier et al. (2000), Weickert et al. (2000), Blumcke et al. (2001), Curtis et al. (2003), Hoglinger et al. (2004), Sanai et al. (2004), Crespel et al. (2005), Boekhoorn et al. (2006), Macas et al. (2006), Fahrner et al. (2007), Shen et al. (2008), Boldrini et al. (2009), Gerber et al. (2009), Kam et al. (2009), Mattiesen et al. (2009), Knoth et al. (2010), Marti-Fabregas et al. (2010) |
| Vimentin | An intermediate filament | Quiescent NPCs, B cells, astrocytes | Arnold and Trojanowski (1996), Curtis et al. (2003, 2005a), Crespel et al. (2005), Fahrner et al. (2007), Mattiesen et al. (2009) |
| Musashi | An RNA-binding protein | NPC, astrocytes | Crespel et al. (2005), Macas et al. (2006), Ziabreva et al. (2006), Shen et al. (2008), Mattiesen et al. (2009) |
| PSA-NCAM | Polysialylated cell adhesion molecule, involved in cell migration | Migrating neuroblasts | Mikkonen et al. (1998), Bernier et al. (2000), Weickert et al. (2000), Bedard and Parent (2004), Hoglinger et al. (2004), Crespel et al. (2005), Curtis et al. (2005b), Boekhoorn et al. (2006), Macas et al. (2006), Liu et al. (2008), Kam et al. (2009), Marti-Fabregas et al. (2010) |
| DCX | Doublecortin, promotes microtubule proliferation | Neuroblasts and neurons | Bedard and Parent (2004), Crespel et al. (2005), Boekhoorn et al. (2006), Jin et al. (2006), Fahrner et al. (2007), Liu et al. (2008), Shen et al. (2008), Gerber et al. (2009) |
| NeuroD | A transcription factor, involved in neuronal commitment | Neuroblasts and neurons | Bedard and Parent (2004), Knoth et al. (2010) |
| TOAD64 | Turned on after division 64, a membrane associated protein from the TUC4 family involved in axonal growth | Neuroblasts | Jin et al. (2006), Shen et al. (2008), Gerber et al. (2009), Mattiesen et al. (2009), Knoth et al. (2010) |
| NeuN | A splicing factor of the Fox-3 family | Neurons | Eriksson et al. (1998), Weickert et al. (2000), Blumcke et al. (2001), Curtis et al. (2003), Crespel et al. (2005), Fahrner et al. (2007), Liu et al. (2008), Boldrini et al. (2009), Knoth et al. (2010), |
| βIII-Tubulin | A microtubule | Neurons | Arnold and Trojanowski (1996), Bernier et al. (2000), Weickert et al. (2000), Blumcke et al. (2001), Curtis et al. (2003, 2005b), Bedard and Parent (2004), Hoglinger et al. (2004), Jin et al. (2006), Macas et al. (2006), Liu et al. (2008), Shen et al. (2008), Knoth et al. (2010) |
| NSE | Neuron specific enolase | Neurons | Eriksson et al. (1998), Del Bigio (1999) |
The function and expression of the different markers and the papers in which they were used are shown.