TABLE 2.5.

Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine in Indonesia throughout the Indonesian archipelago

			In vivo test			In vitro test
Islands	Year of sample	No. sites	No. examined	No. resistance	Resistance (%)	No. Sites	No. examined	No. resistance	Resistance (%)
Sumatra	1973–2002	29	439	176	40	19	226	149	66
Java/Bali	1981–2002	18	365	179	49	12	378	163	43
Kalimantan	1973–2000	20	157	62	39	11	319	182	57
Sulawesi	1985–2003	12	405	172	42	9	149	64	43
Maluku	1985–1995	2	25	8	32	1	11	8	73
Lesser Sundas	1973–2002	9	270	80	30	6	174	98	56
Papua	1974–2005	26	1306	862	66	15	486	358	74
Total	1973–2005	116	2967	1539	52	73	1743	1022	59

The database of P. vivax resistance to CQ was retrieved from these following references:

Sumatra: (Azlin, 2003; Azlin et al., 2004; Dondero et al., 1974; Marwoto et al., 1985b; Maryatul et al., 2005; Ompusunggu et al., 1987, 1989a; Pribadi et al., 1981, 1997; Sutanto et al., 2010; Tjitra et al., 1997).

Java/Bali: (Baird et al., 1996b; Lederman et al., 2006a; Maguire et al., 2002a; Ompusunggu et al., 1987; Sekartuti et al., 1994, 2007; Simanjuntak et al., 1981; Tjitra et al., 1990, 1991, 1993b, 1997).

Kalimantan: (Ebisawa and Fukuyama, 1975; Fryauff et al., 1998a; Hananto et al., 2001; Ompusunggu et al., 1989b; Pribadi, 1992; Tjitra, 1991; Tjitra et al., 1992, 1993a, 1997; Verdrager and Arwati, 1974, 1975a; Verdrager et al., 1975a, 1976a).

Sulawesi: (Departemen Kesehatan, 1996; Fryauff et al., 1998b; Kaseke et al., 2004; Ompusunggu et al., 1987; Tjitra et al., 1997).

Maluku: (Tjitra et al., 1997)

Lesser Sundas: (Fryauff et al., 1997b; Gundelfinger et al., 1975; Hoffman et al., 1984; Smrkovski et al., 1983; Sutanto et al., 2004; Tjitra et al., 1997, 2001b).

Papua: (Baird et al., 1991b, 1995c, 1997b; Cylde et al., 1976; Dimpudus et al., 1981; Ebisawa and Fukuyama, 1975; Ebisawa et al., 1976; Fryauff et al., 1999; Gomez-Saladin et al., 1999; Maguire et al., 2001, 2006a; Nagesha et al., 2001; Pribadi et al., 1998; Ratcliff et al., 2007; Sumawinata et al., 2003; Taylor et al., 2001; Tjitra et al., 1996b, 1997, 2002; Verdrager et al., 1975b, 1976b).