TABLE 2.7.
Plasmodium falciparum resistance to quinine throughout the Indonesian archipelago
| Islands | Year of sample |
In vivo test |
In vitro test |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. sites | No. examined | No. resistance | Resistance (%) | No. sites | No. examined | No. resistance | Resistance (%) | ||
| Sumatra | 1997 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Java/Bali | 1983–1993 | – | – | – | – | 4 | 6 | 2 | 33 |
| Kalimantan | 1990–1995 | – | – | – | – | 3 | 142 | 5 | 4 |
| Sulawesi | 1991–1995 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 4 | 1 | 25 |
| Maluku | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Lesser Sundas | 1983 | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | 100 |
| Papua | 1974–1992 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 33 | 8 | 75 | 6 | 8 |
| Total | 1974–1997 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 33 | 18 | 229 | 15 | 7 |
The database of P. falciparum resistance to Q was retrieved from these following references:
Sumatra: (Pribadi et al., 1997).
Java/Bali: (Hoffman et al., 1983; Kirnowardoyo et al., 1993; Tjitra et al., 1993b).
Kalimantan: (Pribadi, 1992; Tjitra, 1991; Tjitra et al., 1992).
Sulawesi: (Tjitra et al., 1997).
Lesser Sundas: (Hoffman et al., 1983).