Figure 4.

The bipotent ability of mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages was assessed after 24 hours of nanoparticle incubation. Control cells were not incubated with nanoparticles. Control (+) cells were induced to differentiate and control (−) cells were not induced to differentiate. A) Oil red O staining was used to assess adipogenic differentiation by staining for lipid deposits (white arrows). B) von Kossa staining was used to assess osteogenic differentiation by staining for calcium deposits (red arrows). Scale bar 100 μm.

Abbreviations: CS, citrate-stabilized; PLL, poly-L-lysine.