Table 1.

Longitudinal studies of neurocognition as a predictor of response to social skills interventions (n=8).

Study	Sample	Intervention	Intervention Duration	Neurocognitive Measures	Outcome Measures	Finding	Effect Sizes
Bowen et al., 1994	30 chronic inpatients MA=36 %male=80 Edu=12.9 Dur ill=? AO=? Hosp=?	Medication management skills	1-day	CPT, DSDT, Forced-Choice Span of Apprehension	Proximal Measure: Comprehension of oral and videotaped information in training, information presented on videotape. Mediational Measure: AIPSS	Sustained attention and verbal memory was linked to proximal measures of skills taught in the training program, whereas sustained attention was linked to social role-plays not taught directly in the skills training program.	For comprehension total scores: 100% in the large range. For social-role play total scores: 100% in moderate to large range.
Granholm et al., 2008	65 outpatients MA=53.3 %male=74 Edu=12.4 Dur ill=? AO=? Hosp=?	CBT and SST	6-months	Processing speed, executive- function, attention and vigilance (factors)	Proximal Measure: Content mastery tests. Distal Measure: ILSS Process Measures: Participation and attendance	There was no evidence that severity of neuropsychological impairment predicted the magnitude of improvement as a function of the intervention.	Group participation, large range. NR for other measures.
Kern, Green & Satz, 1992	16 chronic inpatients MA=34.1 %male=44 Edu=11.8 Dur ill=? AO=? Hosp=?	Medication and symptom management modules	8-months	Backward masking, CPT, DSDT, WCST, RAVLT, RCFT, PPVT, Pin Test	Proximal Measure: Content mastery test, Process Measure: Measure of on- task behavior	Vigilance, susceptibility to distraction and verbal learning linked to proximal outcome measures.	For on-task behavior, 14% large range, 21% moderate to large, 29% small-to-moderate, 36% minimal effect.
McKee, Hull & Smith, 1997	19 chronic inpatients MA=30 % male=47 Edu=13 Dur ill=? AO=? Hosp=?	Medication management, symptom identification and collaborative treatment planning.	3-weeks	SDMT, RAVLT, WISC-III Mazes, FAS, Category Instance Test, Stroop Color- Word Test	Process Measures: Level of participation in groups, attendance	Executive- function, but not symptoms, contributed unique variance to the level of participation variable, whereas attention and negative symptoms predicted attendance.	NR
Mueser, Douglas, Bellack & Wade, 1991	45 acute inpatients MA=33.2 % male=56 Edu=11.5 Dur ill=? AO=? Hosp=5.4	Expressing negative feelings and compromise and negotiation.	2-weeks	WMS	Proximal Measures: Role-play tests and ratings of assertiveness	Pre-intervention memory scores, but not symptoms, related to improvement in social-skills across the treatment trial.	For role-play assessments and overall memory quotient scores: Small-to-moderate effect at immediate test, large effect at follow-up.
Silverstein, Schenkel, Valone, & Nuernberger, 1998	NR	Conversation skills	NR	IQ, attention, verbal list learning, problem- solving	Proximal Measure: Content-mastery tests	Attention and verbal memory linked to skill acquisition.	NR
Smith, Hull Romanelli, Fertuck &Weiss 1999	32 acute inpatients MA=34.6 % male=56 Edu=? Dur ill=? AO=18.2 Hosp=7.6	Community re-entry module	3 weeks	TMT, CVLT	Proximal Measure: Community reintegration content mastery test	Skill acquisition predicted by group membership and verbal memory, but not symptoms.	Post-treatment content mastery score: 75% of effects in the large range, 25% in the moderate- large range.
Ucok et al., 2006	32 outpatients MA=28.3 % male=? Edu=11.7 Dur ill=7.1 AO=? Hosp=?	Social problem solving training	6-weeks	WCST, CPT, Digit Span	Proximal Measure: AIPSS	Skill acquisition predicted by sustained attention and executive function.	Total AIPSS scores: 25% of effects in the large range, 25% in moderate-large range, 50% in small-to-moderate range.

Note: AO=Age-of-onset; AIPSS: Assessment of Interpersonal Problem Solving; CBT=cognitive-behavioral therapy; CPT=Continuous Performance Test; CVLT=California Verbal Learning Test; DSDT-Digit Span Distractibility Test; Dur ill=duration of illness; Edu=Education; FAS=Controlled Oral Word Association Test; Hosp: Hospitalization; ILSS=Independent Living Skills Survey; MA=Mean age; NR: Not reported; PPVT=Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test; RAVLT=Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; RCFT=Rey Complex Figure Test; SDMT=Symbol Digit Modalities Test; SST=social-skills training; TMT=Trailmaking Test; WCST=Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; WISC-III=Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children; WMS =Wechsler Memory Scale.