Effects of GLUT1 knockdown on decidualization of human ESCs in vitro. Human ESCs were infected with lentivirus expressing GLUT1-specific shRNA or a scramble control at an multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 5 inf. u per cell. Two days later, ESCs were exposed to 10 μm puromycin for 48 h to eliminate noninfected cells. Four days after infection, the cells were treated with 1 μm MPA and 0.5 mm db-cAMP to induce decidualization. A, GLUT1 mRNA expression decreases in ESCs receiving GLUT1-specific shRNA vs. those receiving the scrambled shRNA control. *, P < 0.005 relative to the uninfected ESCs treated with MPA and db-cAMP. B, Protein levels of GLUT1 decrease with MOI of 5 and 10 infectious units per cell equally. C, mRNA expression of decidualization markers PRL and IGFBP1 are used to quantify decidualization of human ESCs in vitro. ESCs infected with lentivirus expressing GLUT1-specific shRNA show a decrease in PRL and IGFBP1 induction when they are exposed to MPA and db-cAMP relative to the ESCs receiving control scrambled shRNA. **, P < 0.01 relative to the uninfected ESCs treated with MPA and db-cAMP. D, Expression of other GLUTs does not increase in compensation for GLUT1 loss. Values are means of three independent experiments ± sem.