Soluble CPG15 rescues cortical neurons from apoptosis induced by growth factor deprivation (starvation). (a,b) Starvation increased the number of fragmented nuclei seen with Hoechst staining (marked by arrows). (c) CPG15 addition prevented this increase. (d) Quantification of a–c. Starvation significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic neurons (*P < 0.002). CPG15 application prevented this increase (** P < 0.003). (e,f) Starvation induces apoptosis, as seen by increased numbers of neurons immunopositive for cleaved caspase 3. (g) Purified CPG15 prevented the starvation-induced increase in cleaved caspase 3 immunoreactivity. (h–j) Overlay of a and e, b and f, and c and g shows that cells with fragmented nuclei scored by Hoechst staining contain activated caspase 3. (k) Quantification of e–g. Starvation significantly increased the percentage of cleaved caspase 3–immunopositive neurons (* P < 0.001). CPG15 application prevented this increase (**P < 0.002). Scale bar, 10 μm.