Table 1.

Evolutionary alterations in cis-regulatory modules and their possible functional consequences (if any)

Effect of change at sequence level	LOF	Quantitative output change	Input gain/loss within GRN	GOF; Cooptive redeployment to new GRN
(Int.): Appearance of new target site(s)	X	X	X	X
(Int.): Loss of old target site(s)	X	X	X	X
(Int.): Change in site no.		X
(Int.): Change in site spacing	X	X	X
(Int.): Change in site arrangement	X	X	X
(Cxt.): translocation of module to new gene	X		X	X
(Cxt.): Module deletion	X
(Cxt.): New tethering function	X		X	X
(Cxt.): Duplication, subfunctionalization				X

Int., internal change in cis-regulatory module sequence; Cxt., change affecting genomic context of cis-regulatory