. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Apr 13.

Published in final edited form as: Chem Res Toxicol. 2010 Mar 15;23(3):455–466. doi: 10.1021/tx9003787

Table 2.

Features of autoimmunity shared by different autoimmunity-inducing drugs and chemicals.

Drugs/Chemicals	Mechanism	References

Silica/Asbestos	Adjuvant effect	21
	T regulatory cells	33
	Inflammasome (NLRP3^a, IL-1β)	28
	Exacerbates lupus-prone genotype	32

Heavy Metals (Hg, Ag, Au)	T cell activation threshold	86
	T regulatory cells	80
	Inflammasome (NLRP3^a, IL-1β)	Toomey and Pollard (unpublished)
	Exacerbates lupus-prone genotype	76, 108

Drugs (procainamide)	T cell activation threshold	12
Drugs (procainamide)	Central tolerance	18

TCDD, dioxin^b	Central tolerance	152
	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor	150
	T regulatory cells	150

Adjuvant oils (pristane)	Adjuvant effect	134
Adjuvant oils (pristane)	Exacerbates lupus-prone genotype	135

Pesticides/Fungicides (Hexachlorobenzene)	Adjuvant effect	162
Pesticides/Fungicides (Hexachlorobenzene)	Exacerbates lupus-prone genotype	164

Adulterated rapseed oil	Exacerbates lupus-prone genotype	44

Iodine	T regulatory cells	110

Trichloroethylene (TCE)	Exacerbates lupus-prone genotype	153

NOD-like receptor family, pryin domain containing 3

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin