PCR-based analysis NPS derived cDNA with the PCR-CE microdevice. Total nucleic acids derived from nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and reverse transcribed into cDNA were amplified and analyzed on-chip. Electropherograms reveal that sample #1 is positive for FLUBV, #2 for hCoV-OC43, and #3 for FLUAV, while sample #4 is negative for all the four viruses tested. Shaded bands show the expected locations of FLUBV (159 nt), hMPV (212 nt), hCoV-OC43 (238 nt) and FLUAV (246 nt). The accuracy of the results was verified by running parallel PCR reactions off-chip.