Table 4.
Association of CAD risk factors with MS (n = 129)
| MS | P-Value** | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | No | Yes | ||
| Age (years) | < 40 | 9 (8.0)+ | 6 (5.3) | 0.128 |
| ≥ 40 | 76 (67.3) | 22 (19.5) | ||
| Gender | Male | 48 (42.5) | 18 (15.9) | 0.308 |
| Female | 37 (32.7) | 10 (8.8) | ||
| Physical Activity | No | 12 (10.6) | 3 (2.7) | 0.461 |
| Yes | 73 (64.6) | 25 (22.1) | ||
| Smoke | No | 81 (71.7) | 25 (22.1) | 0.234 |
| Yes | 4 (3.5) | 3 (2.7) | ||
| Type 2 Diabetes# | No | 66 (58.4) | 21 (18.6) | 0.479 |
| Yes | 19 (16.8) | 6 (6.2) | ||
| Family history of T2D$ | No | 37 (38.9) | 8 (8.4) | 0.313 |
| Yes | 38 (40.0) | 12 (12.6) | ||
| Family history of CAD$ | No | 44 (46.3) | 12 (12.6) | 0.326 |
| Yes | 31 (32.6) | 8 (8.4) | ||
| Body Mass Index (kg/m^2) | ≤23 | 22 (20.0) | 3 (2.7) | 0.005 |
| 23 - 30 | 48 (43.6) | 18 (16.4) | ||
| ≥30 | 12 (10.9) | 7 (6.4) | ||
| Total LDL | Normal (< 150 mg/dl) | 69 (61.6) | 22 (19.6) | 0.433 |
| Abnormal (≥ 150 mg/dl) | 15 (13.4) | 6 (5.4) | ||
| Total Cholesterol | Normal (< 200 mg/dl) | 49 (43.8) | 16 (14.3) | 0.542 |
| Abnormal (≥ 200 mg/dl) | 35 (31.3) | 12 (10.7) | ||
| Apo lipoprotein A-1 | Normal (94 - 176 mg/dl) | 59 (52.7) | 26 (23.2) | 0.011 |
| Abnormal | 25 (22.3) | 2 (1.8) | ||
| Lipoprotein [a] | Normal (< 10 mg/dl) | 48 (43.6) | 26 (23.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Abnormal (≥10 mg/dl) | 34 (30.9) | 2 (1.8) | ||
| hsCRP* | Normal (< 5 mg/L) | 45 (40.9) | 18 (16.4) | 0.118 |
| Abnormal (≥ 5 mg/L) | 39 (35.5) | 8 (7.3) | ||
| Homocysteine | Normal (< 12 umol/L) | 44 (53.7) | 20 (24.4) | 0.512 |
| Abnormal (≥ 12 umol/L) | 13 (15.9) | 5 (6.1) | ||
+ n (%); *hsCRP = high sensitivity C reactive protein; # History/examination and/or blood test;
$ T2D = type II diabetes; $CAD = Coronary Artery Disease; ** Fisher's Exact test;