Table 4.
Regression analysis of determinants of WAZ and Underweight for children aged 12-59 months (n = 671), Agincourt, South Africa (2007)
| WAZ [n = 671] | Underweight [n underweight= 67] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Univariate Coeff [95% CI] P |
Multivariate1 Coeff [95% CI] P |
Univariate OR [95% CI] P |
Multivariate1 OR [95% CI] P |
|
| Child Characteristics | ||||
| HIV status (n = 671) | ||||
| Negative (n = 612) (ref) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Positive (n = 28) | -0.7 [-1.2, -0.3] 0.001 | -0.7 [-1.2, -0.3] 0.001 | 1.5 [0.5, 4.4] 0.482 | 1.5 [0.5, 4.4] 0.512 |
| Unknown status (n = 31) | 0.3 [-0.1, 0.7] 0.137 | 0.2 [-0.2, 0.6] 0.137 | 0.3 [0.0, 2.2] 0.235 | 0.3 [0.0, 2.2] 0.228 |
| Birth weight (n = 522) | ||||
| Normal; 2.5 kg (n = 468) (ref) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Low; <2.5 kg (n = 54) | -0.8 [-0.1, -0.5] <0.001 | -0.7 [-1.1, -0.4] <0.001 | 3.1 [1.5, 6.5] 0.002 | 3.1 [1.5, 6.4] 0.002 |
| Maternal Characteristics | ||||
| Mother's age (n = 659) | ||||
| 25-34 (n = 277) (ref) | 0 | 0 | ||
| 15-24 (n = 207) | -0.2 [-0.4, -0.0] 0.044 | -0.3 [-0.5, -0.1] 0.011 | 1.0 [0.6, 1.8] 0.955 | |
| 35+ (n = 175) | 0.0 [-0.2, 0.2] 0.979 | -0.1 [-0.3, 0.2] 0.633 | 0.9 [0.5, 1.6] 0.647 | |
| Mother's Education (n = 625) | ||||
| None (n = 83) (ref) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Some education <completed secondary (n = 381) | 0.2 [-0.1, 0.4] 0.267 | 0.2 [-0.1, 0.5] 0.269 | 1.1 [0.6, 2.0] 0.756 | |
| Secondary & Tertiary (n = 191) | 0.4 [0.1, 0.8] 0.007 | 0.3 [-0.0, 0.6] 0.085 | 0.7 [0.3, 1.5] 0.362 | |
| Delivery place (n = 671) | ||||
| Health facility (n = 568) (ref) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Home (n = 103) | -0.3 [-0.5, -0.1] 0.019 | -0.2 [-0.5, -0.1] 0.284 | 1.2 [0.6, 2.4] 0.541 | |
| Household Characteristics | ||||
| Household head Age (n = 668) | ||||
| 35-49 (n = 283) (ref) | 0 | 0 | ||
| 15-34 (n = 74) | -0.4 [-0.7, -0.1] 0.022 | -0.3 [-0.6, -0.0] 0.047 | 1.8 [0.8, 3.9] 0.129 | |
| 50+ years (n = 311) | -0.2 [-0.3, 0.0] 0.124 | -0.1 [-0.3, 0.7] 0.228 | 1.1 [0.7, 2.0] 0.637 | |
| SES Tertiles (n = 654) | ||||
| Most poor (n = 218) (ref) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Middle (n = 218) | 0.2 [-0.1, 0.4] 0.172 | 0.0 [-0.2, 0.3] 0.690 | 0.6 [0.3, 1.2] 0.143 | |
| Least poor (n = 218) | 0.3 [0.1, 0.5] 0.012 | 0.1 [-0.1, 0.3] 0.500 | 1.0 [0.2, 4.8] 0.971 | |
| Area of Residence (n = 671) | ||||
| Mainly South African Village (n = 621) (ref) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Mainly Mozambican Village (n = 50) | -0.5 [-0.8, -0.1] 0.006 | -0.3 [-0.7, 0.0] 0.079 | 2.1 [1.0, 4.6] 0.054 | 2.0 [0. 9, 4.4] 0.094 |
1 Only indipendent variables significantly associated with the outcome variable of interest at the 10% level of significance in the univariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis. Other independent factors examined include child's sex and age; child's relationship to household head; nationality, and marital/union status of the mother; mother's co-residence with child; sex and highest education level of household head; and household food security