Table 5.
Regression analysis of determinants of WHZ and wasting for children aged 12-59 months (n = 671), Agincourt, South Africa (2007)
| WHZ [n = 670] | Wasting [n wasted = 44] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Univariate Coeff [95% CI] P |
Multivariate1 Coeff [95% CI] P |
Univariate OR [95% CI] P |
Multivariate1 OR [95% CI] P |
|
| Child Characteristics | ||||
| HIV status (n = 671) | ||||
| Negative (n = 612) (ref) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Positive (n = 28) | -0.5 [-1.0, -0.0] 0.047 | -0.5 [-1.0, 0.1] 0.094 | 1.7 [0.5, 5.9] 0.395 | 1.9 [0.5, 6.5] 0.333 |
| Unknown status (n = 31) | 0.2 [-0.3, -0.1] 0.322 | 0.2 [-0.3, 0.7] 0.338 | 0.48 [0.1, 3.6] 0.471 | 0.5 [0.07, 4.1] 0.560 |
| Child age (n = 671) | -0.2 [-0.3, -0.1] 0.001 | -0.2 [-0.3, -0.1] 0.001 | ||
| Birth weight (n = 522) | ||||
| Normal; 2.5 kg (n = 468) (ref) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Low; <2.5 kg (n = 54) | -0.7 [-1.1, -0.3]<0.001 | -0.7 [-1.0, -0.3]<0.001 | 1.8 [0.7, 4.9] 0.248 | |
| Maternal Characteristics | ||||
| Mother's Education (n = 625) | ||||
| None (n = 83) (ref) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Some education <completed secondary (n = 381) | 0.2 [-0.1, 0.5] 0.175 | 0.2 [-0.2, 0.5] 0.302 | 0.8 [0.4, 1.6] 0.459 | |
| Secondary & Tertiary (n = 191) | 0.3 [-0.0, 0.7] 0.081 | 0.2 [-0.2, 0.6] 0.300 | 0.8 [0.4, 2.0] 0.669 | |
| Delivery place (n = 671) | ||||
| Health facility (n = 568) (ref) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Home (n = 103) | -0.4 [-0.7, -0.1] 0.010 | -0.2 [-0.6, -0.1] 0.149 | 2.2 [1.1, 4.4] 0.027 | 2.0 [1.0, 4.1] 0.059 |
| Household Characteristics | ||||
| Household head Age (n = 668) | ||||
| 35-49 (n = 283) (ref) | 0 | 0 | ||
| 15-34 (n = 74) | -0.4 [0.7, -0.0] 0.034 | -0.3 [-0.7, -0.0] 0.066 | 1.7 [0.6, 4.6] 0.301 | |
| 50+ years (n = 311) | -0.2 [-0.4, 0.0] 0.086 | -0.2 [-0.4, -0.0] 0.088 | 1.6 [0.8, 3.2] 0.175 | |
| SES Tertiles (n = 654) | ||||
| Most poor (n = 218) (ref) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Middle (n = 218) | 0.1 [-0.1, 0.4] 0.363 | 0.1 [-0.2, 0.3] 0.541 | 0.9 [0.4, 1.8] 0.714 | |
| Least poor (n = 218) | 0.3 [0.0, 0.5] 0.038 | 0.2 [-0.1, 0.4] 0.241 | 0.6 [0.3, 1.4] 0.250 | |
| Area of Residence (n = 671) | ||||
| Mainly South African Village (n = 621) (ref) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Mainly Mozambican Village (n = 50) | -0.3 [-0.7, 0.1] 0.113 | 2.6 [1.1, 6.1] 0.033 | 2. 3 [0.9, 5.5] 0.070 | |
1 Only indipendent variables significantly associated with the outcome variable of interest at the 10% level of significance in the univariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis. Other independent factors examined include child's sex; child's relationship to household head; age, nationality and marital/union status of the mother; mother's co-residence with child; sex and highest education level of household head and household food security.