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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Feb 18.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Chem Biol. 2010 Nov 24;6(2):192–197. doi: 10.1021/cb100323z

Figure 1. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with the small molecule XAV939 promotes formation of spontaneously beating embryoid bodies.

Figure 1

(A) Critical time window for ES cell cardiomyocytes induction with XAV939 (XAV). XAV treatments from Day 2 to 4, Day 2.5 to 5, Day 3 to 4, Day 3 to 5, and Day 4 to 5 were represented by red horizontal bars and the percentages of embryoid bodies (EBs) that beat spontaneously at day 10 of differentiation are shown on the right. Results were obtained from at least 48 EBs for each time point. (B) Chemical structure of XAV939 (3,5,7,8-Tetrahydro-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4H-thiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one). (C) When administered during the day 3 to 5 window, both DKK1 and XAV939 greatly promoted formation of spontaneously beating EBs in comparison to DMSO (P=0.001 for both, P-value was calculated using a two-tailed Student's t test with paired samples throughout this paper, unless otherwise indicated). Results were obtained from at least 48 EBs in 3 independent experiments and standard error was used for graphic plotting throughout this paper, unless otherwise indicated. (D) Western Blot confirmed that β-catenin level was effectively down-regulated in XAV treated EBs (day 5 samples).