Table 4.
Multiple linear regression models with factors predicting the serum concentrations of oxycodone and the ratios oxymorphone/oxycodone and noroxycodone/oxycodone
Factorsa associated with | Unstandardised coefficientsb | Standardised coefficients | 95% confidence interval for B | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | Standard error | Beta | Significance | Lower bound | Upper bound | |
Oxycodone (n = 433; R2 = 0.35)b | ||||||
Oxycodone total daily dose | 0.002 | 0.0002 | 0.491 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
CYP3A4 inducerc | −0.786 | 0.233 | −0.131 | 0.001 | −1.242 | −0.327 |
CYP3A4 inhibitorc | 0.204 | 0.101 | 0.078 | 0.044 | 0.005 | 0.403 |
Sexd | 0.113 | 0.045 | 0.098 | 0.012 | 0.025 | 0.201 |
Time from last oxycodone dose to blood sample | −0.027 | 0.006 | −0.189 | 0.000 | −0.038 | −0.016 |
Ratio oxymorphone/oxycodone (n = 438; R2= 0.05)b | ||||||
Oxycodone total daily dose | −0.0004 | 0.0001 | −0.136 | 0.004 | −0.0007 | −0.0001 |
CYP3A4 inducerc | 0.607 | 0.234 | 0.122 | 0.010 | 0.147 | 1.067 |
Number of medications (excluding opioids) taken in the last 24 h | −0.024 | 0.008 | −0.140 | 0.003 | −0.039 | −0.008 |
Ratio noroxycodone/oxycodone (n = 396; R2 = 0.19)b | ||||||
Oxycodone total daily dose | 0.001 | 0.0001 | 0.231 | 0.000 | 0.0003 | 0.001 |
Time from last oxycodone dose to blood sample | 0.012 | 0.004 | 0.147 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.020 |
Albumin | 0.006 | 0.002 | 0.132 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 0.010 |
Sexd | −0.110 | 0.033 | −0.160 | 0.001 | −0.175 | −0.045 |
CYP3A4 inducerc | 0.602 | 0.183 | 0.153 | 0.001 | 0.242 | 0.962 |
CYP3A4 inhibitorc | −0.294 | 0.068 | −0.197 | 0.000 | −0.427 | −0.160 |
Systemic steroidsc,e | −0.070 | 0.032 | −0.102 | 0.028 | −0.132 | −0.008 |
BMI | −0.009 | 0.004 | −0.109 | 0.019 | −0.017 | −0.001 |
Glomerular filtration rate | −0.001 | 0.0004 | −0.161 | 0.001 | −0.002 | −0.0005 |
aIndependent variables in all analyses were age (years), sex, BMI (kg m−2), Karnofsky performance status (%), time from last oxycodone dose to sample (h), oxycodone total daily dose (mg/24 h), time since starting opioids (months), number of concomitant medications in the last 24 h, use of CYP3A4 inhibitor (yes/no), use of CYP3A4 inducer (yes/no), glomerular filtration rate (ml min−1 1.73 m−2) and albumin (g l−1) serum concentrations
bCoefficients are in log 10 form (e.g. 100.002 × oxycodone daily dose)
cYes = 1, no = 0 (user of systemic steroids yes: 10−0.070 × 1, NO: 10−0.070 × 0)
dMen = 1, women = 0 (male oxycodone serum concentration: 100.113 × 1, women: 100.113 × 0, noroxycodone/oxycodone ratio men: 10−0.110 × 1, women: 10−0.110 × 0)
eThe patients in the CYP3A4 inducer (n = 4) group also used systemic steroids