. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010 Nov 30;35(5):1125–1143. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.005

Table 2.

Analgesic Effects of Anesthetic Agents used in Preclinical Imaging Studies

Stimulus	Mechanism of Action	Analgesic Effects	References

Isoflurane	Uncharacterized	None in sub-anesthetic levels in human models of pain	(Petersen-Felix et al., 1995)
Isoflurane	Uncharacterized	Enhances Windup in Spinal Cord in Rats	(Ng and Antognini, 2006)

Etiomodate	Agonist at GABA_A receptors	Depresses Lumbar dorsal horn neuronal activity to pain	(Mitsuyo et al., 2006)

Medetomidine	Alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist	Produces sedation and possible supraspinal mediation of analgesia	(Buerkle and Yaksh, 1998)

Alpha-chloralose	Unknown	Predominantly a sedative hypnotic with poor analgesic effects	(Strobel and Wollman, 1969)
Alpha-chloralose	Unknown	Has been shown to suppresses dorsal horn neurons	(Collins et al., 1983)