Table 5.
fMRI CNS Activation in Chronic Pain/Disease Model Studies
| REGION | STIMULUS | SPECIES | BOLD RESPONSE |
ANESTHETIC | FIELD STRENGTH |
REFERENCE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cortical | ||||||
| Cingulate Cortex | Pancreatic Inflammation Mechanical/Thermal Abdominal Skin | Rat | + | Isoflurane 1.2–1.5% | 4.7T SPIO | (Westlund et al., 2009) |
| Somatosensory Cortex | Spinal Cord Injury Mechanical and Cold Naloxone 1mg/kg Sensitized | Rat | + | α-chloralose 80mg/kg | 4.7T | (Endo et al., 2008a) |
| Spared Nerve Injury Model (SNI) | Rat | No change vs. sham | Isoflurane 2% | 2.35T | (Jones et al., 2009) | |
| Insular Cortex | Spared Nerve Injury Model (SNI) | Rat | No change vs. sham | Isoflurane 2% | 2.35T | (Jones et al., 2009) |
| Subcortical | Spared Nerve Injury Model (SNI) | |||||
| Thalamus | Pancreatic Inflammation Mechanical/Thermal Abdominal Skin | Rat | + | Isoflurane 1.2–1.5% | 4.7T SPIO | (Westlund et al., 2009) |
| Spinal Cord Injury Mechanical and Cold Naloxone 1mg/kg sensitized | Rat | + | α-chloralose 80mg/kg Pancuronium | 4.7T | (Endo et al., 2008a) | |
| Amygdala | Pancreatic Inflammation Mechanical/Thermal Abdominal Skin | Rat | + | Isoflurane 1.2–1.5% | 4.7T SPIO | (Westlund et al., 2009) |
| Brainstem/Cerebellum | ||||||
| PAG | ||||||
| RVM | Pancreatic Inflammation Mechanical/Thermal Abdominal Skin | Rat | + | Isoflurane 1.2–1.5% | 4.7T SPIO | (Westlund et al., 2009) |
| Deep Mesencephalic Nucleus | Spared Nerve Injury Model (SNI) | Rat | No change vs. sham | Isoflurane 2% | 2.35T | (Jones et al., 2009) |
| Spinal Cord | ||||||
| Dorsal Horn | Streptozotocin (STZ) induced Diabetes, Electrical | STZ Rats | STZ < controls | α-chloralose 40mg/kg | 7T | (Malisza et al., 2009) |
| Spinal Cord Injury (days-months), Electrical | Rat | + | α-chloralose 80mg/kg | 4.7T | (Endo et al., 2008a) |