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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2011 Feb 28;186(7):3977–3985. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003588

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

IL-21 upregulates antigen specific IL-10 production in whole blood cell cultures from active VL cases. (A) IFN-γ and IL-10 production by peripheral blood cells from pre-treatment VL patients (n = 27) and EC (n = 13 or 19) in response to SLA. (B) IL-10 production by peripheral blood cells from pre-treatment VL patients (n = 18) and ECs (n = 7) in response to SLA, rhIL-27 or rhIL-21 alone or in combination. (C) IL-21 production by peripheral blood cells from pre-treatment VL patients (n = 13). Whole blood cells were cultured in the absence or presence of 10µg/ml L. donovani soluble antigen and/or exogenous rhL-27(100ng/ml) and/or rhIL-21 (25ng/ml). Twenty four hours later supernatant was collected for cytokine analysis. Cytokine concentrations shown are the values in the stimulated cultures minus the medium control. Significant differences are indicated with p values.