FIGURE 4.

Growth by feeding groups in the subgroup of cystic fibrosis infants with pancreatic insufficiency but not meconium ileus. A: Weight z scores. B: Weight gain from birth expressed by the change of weight z scores from birth. C: Length z scores. Mixed-effects models with repeated measures were performed to compare differences in feeding groups while adjusting for sex, birth weight z score, cystic fibrosis center, and age. The effect of age was nonlinear in panels A and B; therefore, a quadratic term for age and a feeding group by quadratic age interaction were included in the mixed-effects models. ExBF, exclusive breastfeeding; ExBF=1mo, ExBF for 1–1.9 mo; ExFM20, exclusively fed a formula that contained a standard caloric density of 0.67 kcal/mL (equivalent to 20 kcal/oz); ExFM22+, exclusively formula-fed and received a formula with a high caloric density [≥0.74 kcal/mL (≥22 kcal/oz)] for some duration during infancy.