Table 4.
Effects of Mode of Delivery and Anesthetic Exposure on Risk for Developing Learning Disabilities among Children in the 1976-1982 Rochester, Minnesota Birth Cohort*.
| Unadjusted | Adjusted s | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P-value | HR | 95% CI | P-value | |
| Type of Delivery | 0.135 | 0.050 | ||||
| Vaginal | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| CD (general anesthetic) | 0.97 | 0.68 to 1.37 | 0.88 | 0.59 to 1.31 | ||
| CD (regional anesthetic) | 0.73 | 0.53 to 0.99 | 0.64 | 0.44 to 0.92 | ||
| Gestational Age | 0.314 | |||||
| ≥ 37 weeks | 1.00 | |||||
| 32-36 weeks | 0.86 | 0.62 to 1.20 | ||||
| ≤ 31 weeks | 0.50 | 0.18 to 1.39 | ||||
| Birth Weight (g) | 0.269 | |||||
| ≥ 2500 | 1.00 | |||||
| < 2500 | 1.24 | 0.85 to 1.81 | ||||
| Gender | <0.001 | |||||
| Female | 1.00 | |||||
| Male | 1.66 | 1.44 to 1.93 | ||||
| Anesthesia Exposure < 4 yrs† | 0.008 | |||||
| 0 | 1.00 | |||||
| 1 | 1.04 | 0.82 to 1.34 | ||||
| 2 or more | 1.80 | 1.25 to 2.61 | ||||
| Mother's Education | <0.001 | |||||
| Any college education | 1.00 | |||||
| High-school graduate | 1.64 | 1.41 to 1.91 | ||||
| Some high school | 3.09 | 2.46 to 3.89 | ||||
*
Analyses were performed using proportional hazards regression, with findings presented as hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Mode of delivery was available for all 5,320 individuals (unadjusted analysis). Due to missing covariate information only 4,553 individuals were included in the adjusted analysis. CD= Cesarean delivery.
†
Number of exposures to anesthesia under the age of 4 (excluding exposure during labor and delivery).