Table 1.

Summary of sex hormone data in rodents and humans.

Sex hormone	Animal data	Human data
Estrogen	Estrogen may be beneficial acutely; metabolites of estrogen are the primary mediators of this benefit	Altered estrogen levels and metabolism are implicated in heritable PAH and portopulmonary PAH
Testosterone	Acutely vasodilates; long-term studies not available in pulmonary hypertension models	No data
DHEA	May be favorable in mouse models of pulmonary hypertension	Higher levels associated with lower RV mass in healthy individuals; no data on DHEA in PAH

DHEA: Dehydroepiandrosterone; PAH: Pulmonary arterial hypertension; RV: Right ventricle.

Modified from [1].