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. 2011 Feb 2;36(5):1073–1089. doi: 10.1038/npp.2010.245

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Nasal gel HupA upregulates the phosphorylation levels of GSK3α/β in APP/PS1 mouse brain. (a) Western blots showing the expression levels of total GSK3α/β and p-GSK3α/β in APP/PS1 transgenic mouse brain after HupA treatments. GAPDH was used as an internal control. (b–d) Quantification of the levels of GSK3β and p-GSK3β in the brain of the APP/PS1 mouse. There were no significant differences in total GSK3β levels between vehicle- and HupA-treated mouse brain (b). However, the levels of p-GSK3β were significantly increased after 500 μg HupA treatment (c). Moreover, the ratio of p-GSK3β/GSK3β was significantly increased in 500 μg nasal gel HupA-treated mice (d). (e–g) Quantification of the levels of GSK3α and p-GSK3α in the brain of the APP/PS1 mouse. Administration of HupA did not affect the total protein levels of GSK3α (e). The levels of p-GSK3α were markedly increased after HupA treatment (f). Nasal gel HupA induced a dose-dependent increase in the ratio of p-GSK3α/GSK3α in the transgenic mouse brain (g). All values are mean±SEM (n=6). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ##p<0.01.