Table 3.
Muscle data: number of subjects (N), muscle mass, mean fascicle length and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) of the cheetah and greyhound
| Cheetah | Greyhound | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muscle | N | Muscle mass (g) | Mean fascicle length (cm) | PCSA (cm2) | N | Muscle mass (g) | Mean fascicle length (cm) | PCSA (cm2) | ||||||
| Biceps femoris | 8 | 295** | 46.5 | 14.6 | 4.90 | 24.6** | 12.3 | 9 | 460.1 | 74.0 | 14.1 | 3.8 | 39.4 | 23.8 |
| Caudofemoralis | 8 | 69.7** | 9.3 | 14.2 | 3.71 | 5.6 | 1.9 | |||||||
| Sartorius | 8 | 123 | 22.9 | 23.8 | 6.33 | 6.1 | 3.0 | 9 | 155.2 | 110.7 | 21.3 | 6.5 | 8.9 | 6.6 |
| Tensor fascia latae | 8 | 102 | 14.8 | 5.8 | 1.61 | 20.2 | 8.2 | 8 | 82.7 | 33.2 | 6.1 | 4.1 | 19.4 | 8.6 |
| Vastus lateralis | 8 | 214 | 63.2 | 7.6 | 1.85 | 30.7 | 8.7 | 9 | 150.4 | 48.2 | 10.9 | 7.2 | 20.5 | 10.8 |
| Rectus femoris | 8 | 160 | 75.0 | 5.4 | 1.33 | 31.3 | 11.9 | 9 | 204.3 | 144.3 | 7.2 | 4.0 | 32.6 | 20.7 |
| Vastus medialis | 8 | 119 | 19.6 | 6.3 | 1.95 | 22.0 | 5.4 | 9 | 91.9 | 28.6 | 4.4 | 1.5 | 24.9 | 11.2 |
| Vastus intermedius | 8 | 38.1** | 24.4 | 6.5 | 2.01 | 7.1 | 5.3 | 9 | 69.5 | 26.1 | 7.0 | 5.3 | 16.3 | 14.2 |
| Semitendinosus | 8 | 121** | 29.5 | 10.0** | 1.38 | 13.1 | 4.5 | 9 | 176.2 | 80.4 | 16.1 | 4.5 | 12.6 | 6.1 |
| Semimembranosus | 7 | 332** | 55.4 | 25.4 | 6.39 | 15.0 | 5.8 | 9 | 200.1 | 76.1 | 22.0 | 3.6 | 9.7 | 3.8 |
| Gracilis | 8 | 114 | 28.7 | 7.1 | 3.01 | 20.4 | 10.2 | 9 | 144.4 | 74.0 | 6.5 | 4.6 | 32.9 | 27.1 |
| Gluteal superficialis | 8 | 28.4** | 4.5 | 7.2 | 3.81 | 5.3 | 3.4 | 8 | 115.7 | 79.1 | 5.8 | 1.5 | 25.7 | 21.5 |
| Gluteus medius | 8 | 136 | 18.0 | 6.4 | 1.18 | 23.4 | 7.1 | 9 | 134.7 | 73.2 | 5.7 | 2.1 | 27.9 | 17.6 |
| Gluteus profundus | 8 | 17.6* | 4.5 | 2.9 | 0.61 | 6.7 | 2.4 | 6 | 31.4 | 16.2 | 4.3 | 1.6 | 7.7 | 2.3 |
| Piriformis | 8 | 17.3 | 4.4 | 2.9 | 0.88 | 7.4 | 4.7 | 3 | 12.6 | 0.7 | 2.4 | 0.6 | 5.8 | 1.8 |
| Gemelli | 8 | 19.4 | 16.3 | 2.0* | 0.81 | 10.4 | 8.7 | 3 | 11.3 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 2.1 | 3.1 | 1.9 |
| Quadratus femoris | 8 | 13.6 | 1.1 | 4.3* | 1.02 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 3 | 13.8 | 1.1 | 5.8 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 0.5 |
| Obturator externus | 7 | 28.7 | 13.1 | 2.8 | 0.90 | 11.4 | 5.3 | 3 | 15.9 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 0.8 | 7.2 | 2.8 |
| Obturator internus | 8 | 36.5 | 11.3 | 2.9 | 0.50 | 13.7* | 4.7 | 3 | 16.2 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 7.4 | 0.4 |
| Pectinius | 7 | 30.9 | 23.8 | 5.3 | 3.33 | 5.6** | 1.5 | 9 | 24.7 | 16.9 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 15.6 | 12.1 |
| Adductor magnus | 7 | 316 | 63.2 | 16.0 | 4.30 | 22.9 | 8.9 | 3 | 238.6 | 70.2 | 16.5 | 3.6 | 15.3 | 3.9 |
| Adductor brevis | 7 | 103 | 11.9 | 11.6 | 3.40 | 10.3 | 3.8 | 3 | 92.3 | 11.1 | 12.3 | 1.8 | 8.1 | 2.0 |
| Illiacus | 7 | 14.4 | 4.0 | 5.7 | 3.22 | 3.1 | 1.9 | 3 | 13.9 | 8.7 | 4.4 | 1.3 | 3.1 | 1.6 |
| Psoas major | 8 | 191* | 45.9 | 13.9 | 4.39 | 16.4* | 7.5 | 3 | 52.0 | 11.2 | 9.7 | 0.2 | 5.7 | 1.3 |
| Psoas minor | 8 | 44.1 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 1.18 | 10.4 | 3.2 | 3 | 32.5 | 15.0 | 6.5 | 2.9 | 6.6 | 4.9 |
| Gastrocnemius – lateral | 8 | 31.1 | 6.7 | 2.5* | 0.82 | 13.9** | 3.9 | 9 | 33.9 | 15.8 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 22.4 | 8.3 |
| Gastrocnemius – medial | 8 | 47.1 | 8.7 | 2.8* | 0.61 | 18.3** | 5.2 | 9 | 43.4 | 10.6 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 30.6 | 11.9 |
| Superficial digital flexor | 8 | 65.1 | 10.0 | 2.4 | 0.74 | 30.7 | 10.9 | 9 | 55.5 | 18.7 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 41.4 | 35.0 |
| Soleus | 5 | 16.0 | 7.0 | 2.4 | 0.84 | 8.2 | 4.9 | 3 | 9.5 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 5.9 | 1.1 |
| Long digital extensor | 8 | 40.5* | 6.7 | 7.5 | 2.26 | 6.2 | 2.1 | 9 | 31.3 | 8.9 | 5.9 | 4.0 | 9.4 | 8.7 |
| Tibialis cranialis | 8 | 39.3 | 7.1 | 8.8 | 2.75 | 5.3 | 2.3 | 3 | 29.3 | 4.6 | 10.4 | 1.4 | 3.1 | 0.8 |
| Popliteus | 8 | 14.8 | 4.3 | 2.3 | 0.57 | 7.1 | 2.9 | 9 | 13.8 | 6.7 | 3.2 | 1.4 | 5.6 | 3.9 |
| Lateral digital extensor | 7 | 4.71 | 1.1 | 2.6 | 1.00 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 3 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 2.4 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 1.0 |
| Peroneous longus | 7 | 10.4 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 0.90 | 3.9* | 2.0 | 9 | 16.5 | 10.6 | 2.2 | 1.0 | 9.0 | 6.4 |
| Peroneous brevis | 3 | 2.20 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 1.26 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 3 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3.2 | 1.0 |
| Deep digital flexor – medial | 7 | 31.0* | 4.5 | 2.9 | 0.61 | 12.2 | 3.3 | 3 | 12.9 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 5.4 | 3.2 |
| Deep digital flexor – lateral | 7 | 32.3 | 7.9 | 3.4 | 0.60 | 10.2 | 2.9 | 3 | 18.0 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 8.9 | 3.9 |
| Caudal tibial | 6 | 10.0 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 0.84 | 3.1 | 1.4 | 3 | 5.7 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 2.3 | 1.1 |
BF, biceps femoris; CF, caudofemoralis; Sar, sartorius; TFL, tensor fascia latae; VL, vastus lateralis; RF, rectus femoris; VM, vastus medialis; VI, vastus intermedius; SemiT, semitendinosus; SemiM, semimembranosus; Grac, Gracilis; GS, gluteal superficialis; GM, gluteus medius; GP, gluteus profundus; Piri, piriformis; Gem, gemelli; QF, quadratus femoris; ObEx, obturator externus; ObInt, obturator internus; Pect, pectinius; AdMag, adductor magnus; AdBrev, adductor brevis; Il, illiacus; Pmaj, psoas major; Pmin, psoas minor; Glat, gastrocnemius – lateral; Gmed, gastrocnemius – medial; SDF, superficial digital flexor; Sol, soleus; LongDE, long digital extensor; Tcra, tibialis cranialis; Pop, popliteus; Edlat, lateral digital extensor; PL, peroneous longus; PB, peroneous brevis; DDFmed, deep digital flexor – lateral; DDFlat, deep digital flexor – lateral; Tcau, caudal tibial; Gast, gastrocnemius; Vlat, vastus lateralis; Plong, peroneus longus.
Values indicate mean (bold) and SD (italics). A Mann–Whitney U test was performed to test for significant species differences with *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01.