Table 2.
Muscle data; number of subjects (N), muscle mass, mean fascicle length and PCSA of the cheetah and greyhounds. Values indicated are mean (bold) and SD (italics). For species comparison data were normalised geometrically to body mass and a Mann–Whitney U-test was performed to test for significant species differences, with *indicating P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01
| Cheetah | Greyhound | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muscle name | Abbreviation | N | Muscle mass(g) | Mean fascicle length(cm) | PCSA(cm2) | N | Muscle mass(g) | Mean fascicle length(cm) | PCSA(cm2) | ||||||
| Latissimus dorsi | LAT | 8 | 272.8 | 68.9 | 32.5 | 9.6 | 10.8 | 7.5 | 9 | 310.9 | 47.6 | 36.8 | 5.5 | 9.1 | 1.6 |
| Trapezius cervicis | TC | 8 | 25.9 | 11.4 | 14.4 | 4.2 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 9 | 35.6 | 16.3 | 14.0 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 1.9 |
| Trapezius thoracis | TT | 8 | 32.3 | 10.8 | *12.9 | 4.9 | *3.7 | 3.6 | 9 | 50.3 | 22.8 | 9.1 | 1.4 | 5.9 | 2.5 |
| Rhomboideus capitis | Rcap | 8 | 9.9 | 2.6 | 26.1 | 4.8 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 3 | 8.5 | 5.5 | 28.2 | 5.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
| Rhomboideus cervicis | Rcer | 8 | *26.3 | 14.3 | 11.2 | 7.6 | 3.9 | 3.1 | 3 | 52.7 | 12.9 | 15.3 | 5.8 | 4.5 | 3.2 |
| Rhomboideus thoracis | Rthor | 8 | 38.0 | 8.0 | 9.7 | 3.4 | 4.7 | 1.9 | 3 | 51.4 | 5.2 | 8.1 | 0.5 | 6.8 | 0.2 |
| Omotransversarius | OMO | 8 | **26.3 | 5.4 | 22.6 | 8.9 | *1.7 | 1.3 | 9 | 53.5 | 10.0 | 25.3 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 0.5 |
| Cleidocephalicus | Cc | 8 | 34.5 | 15.3 | 26.4 | 3.4 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 3 | 39.9 | 10.3 | 23.0 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 0.5 |
| Cleidobrachilalis | Cb | 8 | 36.6 | 8.6 | 17.4 | 7.0 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 3 | 39.4 | 21.7 | 18.1 | 4.1 | 2.2 | 0.7 |
| Serratus ventralis cervicis | SVc | 8 | 94.8 | 21.4 | *12.2 | 3.1 | *8.5 | 2.0 | 8 | 143.7 | 36.7 | 7.7 | 5.4 | 27.7 | 13.4 |
| Serratus ventralis thoracis | SVt | 8 | 98.4 | 31.5 | *8.8 | 2.2 | **12.5 | 5.2 | 8 | 117.9 | 14.5 | 5.0 | 0.9 | 25.6 | 5.9 |
| Pectoralis superficialis descending | PSd | 8 | 42.0 | 27.6 | 15.5 | 4.7 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 9 | 54.0 | 29.1 | 13.8 | 1.2 | 4.3 | 2.6 |
| Pectoralis superficialis transverse | PSt | 8 | **96.0 | 29.2 | 13.6 | 7.7 | 9.1 | 4.4 | 9 | 80.8 | 22.1 | 17.2 | 8.9 | 6.6 | 3.5 |
| Pectoralis profundus | PP | 8 | **221.3 | 62.7 | 25.2 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 7.4 | 9 | 378.3 | 56.1 | 30.7 | 1.9 | 13.0 | 1.8 |
| Supraspinatus | SS | 8 | **206.4 | 28.4 | *7.9 | 1.7 | 28.4 | 5.3 | 9 | 144.8 | 13.3 | 6.1 | 0.8 | 25.5 | 4.5 |
| Infraspinatus | IS | 8 | **148.3 | 18.5 | 5.1 | 1.4 | 33.5 | 10.5 | 9 | 108.8 | 13.6 | 4.2 | 0.9 | 28.9 | 7.8 |
| Deltoid acromial | DA | 8 | 22.6 | 8.3 | **2.9 | 0.4 | *8.2 | 3.0 | 9 | 26.2 | 5.4 | 6.6 | 2.7 | 4.8 | 1.8 |
| Deltoid spinous | DS | 8 | **29.9 | 4.3 | 10.3 | 2.0 | **3.2 | 1.1 | 9 | 51.0 | 15.2 | 8.7 | 1.3 | 6.5 | 2.4 |
| Teres major | TMJ | 8 | **77.6 | 10.8 | 11.3 | 2.6 | **7.8 | 2.7 | 9 | 52.5 | 9.0 | 14.2 | 1.4 | 3.9 | 0.7 |
| Subscapularis | SUB | 8 | **121.0 | 15.7 | 3.2 | 0.6 | **40.6 | 8.4 | 9 | 82.1 | 9.3 | 3.3 | 0.3 | 26.7 | 3.3 |
| Teres minor | TMN | 8 | 8.5 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 4.1 | 0.6 | 9 | 29.4 | 20.9 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 16.8 | 12.4 |
| Coracobrachilais | COR | 5 | **2.1 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 1.8 | *1.2 | 0.8 | 9 | 30.4 | 21.0 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 12.6 | 9.3 |
| Triceps brachii – Long | Tlong | 8 | 255.4 | 23.6 | 6.0 | 1.2 | 46.8 | 9.2 | 9 | 323.8 | 53.5 | 7.1 | 0.9 | 49.3 | 12.4 |
| Triceps brachii – Lateral | Tlat | 8 | 98.9 | 9.9 | 10.4 | 1.9 | 10.5 | 2.8 | 9 | 119.3 | 24.3 | 10.8 | 1.0 | 11.9 | 3.0 |
| Triceps brachii – Medial | Tmed | 8 | **16.9 | 4.0 | **13.1 | 1.8 | **1.4 | 0.4 | 9 | 70.2 | 35.8 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 34.7 | 26.1 |
| Triceps brachii – Accessory | Tacc | 8 | **11.8 | 6.3 | 9.1 | 3.8 | **1.5 | 0.9 | 9 | 40.3 | 14.7 | 11.3 | 1.3 | 3.8 | 1.2 |
| Biceps brachii | BB | 8 | **88.8 | 19.1 | **3.6 | 0.7 | 26.9 | 5.7 | 9 | 51.1 | 15.4 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 28.4 | 17.3 |
| Brachialis | BCH | 8 | 20.8 | 5.8 | 8.0 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 1.0 | 9 | 23.2 | 3.4 | 7.0 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 2.3 |
| Anconeus | ANC | 8 | 4.0 | 1.8 | 4.3 | 2.4 | *1.4 | 1.1 | 9 | 6.1 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 3.8 | 2.1 |
| Extensor carpi radialis | ECR | 8 | **12.0 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 2.6 | **3.2 | 1.6 | 9 | 30.7 | 6.5 | 3.5 | 0.8 | 9.7 | 2.9 |
| Extensor digitorum communis | EDC | 7 | *14.0 | 2.7 | **3.8 | 0.7 | 3.9 | 0.8 | 9 | 10.4 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 4.0 | 1.0 |
| Extensor digitorum lateralis | EDL | 7 | 5.4 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 3.6 | 1.0 | 9 | 9.8 | 6.9 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 7.6 | 5.0 |
| Ulnaris lateralis | UL | 7 | 11.3 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 12.0 | 6.7 | 9 | 10.4 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 12.9 | 3.8 |
| Flexor carpi ulnaris – Ulnar head | FCUu | 7 | 4.6 | 4.3 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 8.9 | 12.0 | 3 | 3.7 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 7.8 | 5.0 |
| Flexor carpi ulnaris – Humeral head | FCUh | 7 | 13.1 | 5.2 | 1.8 | 0.5 | *7.9 | 3.3 | 3 | 18.2 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 13.4 | 3.6 |
| Brachioradialis | BCR | 7 | 12.3 | 3.8 | 5.1 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 1.7 | |||||||
| Supinator | SUP | 7 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.4 | *3.3 | 3.3 | 9 | 4.9 | 3.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 14.7 | 12.7 |
| Pronator teres | PT | 7 | **10.6 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.4 | **10.0 | 2.5 | 9 | 4.8 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 4.4 | 1.7 |
| Pronator quadratus | PQ | 7 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.2 | *2.4 | 0.8 | 9 | 2.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 5.2 | 3.0 |
| Flexor carpi radialis | FCR | 7 | 6.9 | 2.5 | *1.9 | 0.6 | 4.4 | 3.1 | 9 | 9.0 | 1.7 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 3.5 | 1.0 |
| Flexor digitorum superficialis | SDF | 7 | **23.4 | 2.8 | 1.0 | 0.3 | *27.6 | 11.4 | 9 | 18.0 | 3.2 | 1.2 | 0.2 | 16.5 | 2.5 |
| Flexor digitorum profundus – Humeral head | DDFh | 7 | 38.7 | 10.9 | 4.0 | 1.4 | 11.2 | 5.4 | 3 | 31.5 | 13.6 | 3.0 | 0.2 | 11.1 | 4.3 |
| Flexor digitorum profundus – Radial head | DDFr | 7 | *9.3 | 6.7 | 3.8 | 1.9 | *4.3 | 4.7 | 3 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 3.4 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.5 |
| Flexor digitorum profundus – Ulnar head | DDFu | 7 | 9.6 | 1.3 | 3.8 | 2.3 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3 | 9.8 | 11.5 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 4.2 | 4.8 |
| Abductor pollicis longis | APL | 7 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 3 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 3.1 | 1.7 |