Table 1.

Summary of MMPs in Experimental Models.

Type	Common Name	Species	Type of Injury	Changes in MMP	Peak Time for Change	Localization	Methods for Detecting MMP	References
MMP-1	Collagenase 1	Rat	Contusion	Increased activity	24 h	Neurons, glia	Westerns, ICC	[18]
				Increased transcripts	1–21 days	Not studied	qtPCR	[20]
MMP-2	Gelatinase A	Rat	Contusion	Increased activity	5 days	Not studied	Gelatin zymography	[14]
		Mice	Contusion		7–14 days	Astrocytes	Gelatin/in situ zymography, ICC	[16, 17]
		Rat	Hemisection		1 day–4 weeks	Not studied	Gelatin zymography	[15]
		Rat	Compression		3–7 days	Not studied	Gelatin zymography	[6]
		Mice	Nerve ligation		7–21 days	Astrocytes	Gelatin zymography, ICC	[43]
		Mice	Compression	Increased transcripts	5 days	Not studied	qtPCR	[19]
		Mice	Contusion		5 days	Not studied	qtPCR	[32]
		Rat	Contusion		3–21 days	Neurons	qtPCR, gelatinase zymography, westerns, ICC	[20]
MMP-9	Gelatinase B	Rat	Contusion	Increased activity	12–24 h	Not studied	Gelatin zymography	[14]
		Mice	Contusion		24 h	Astrocytes, vessels, macrophages	Gelatin/in situ zymography, ICC	[5, 16]
		Rat	Contusion		24 h	Neurons, glia	Westerns, ICC	[18]
		Rat	Hemisection		24 h–48 h	Not studied	Gelatin zymography	[15]
		Rat	Compression		24 h	Neutrophils, endothelial cells, neurons	Gelatin/in situ zymography, westerns, ICC	[6]
		Mice	Nerve ligation		6 h–1 day	Dorsal root ganglion neurons	Gelatin zymography, ICC	[43]
		Rat	Nerve crush	Increased transcripts and activity	24 h	Not studied	qtPCR, gelatin zymography	[44]
		Mice	Compression	Increased transcripts	1 day	Not studied	qtPCR	[19]
MMP-12	Metalloelastase	Mice	Compression	Increased transcripts	5–14 days	Macrophages/microglia	qtPCR, ICC	[19]
		Rat	Contusion		21 days	Not studied	qtPCR	[20]
MMP-3	Stromelysin 1	Mice	Compression	Increased transcripts	24 h	Not studied	qtPCR	[19, 20]
		Rat	Contusion		3 days
MMP-7	Matrilysin	Mice	Compression		24 h
		Rat	Contusion		3 days
MMP-10	Stromelysin 2	Mice	Compression		24 h
		Rat	Contusion		3–21 days
MMP-11	Stromelysin 3	Mice	Compression		24 h
		Rat	Contusion		3 days
MMP-13	Collagenase 3	Mice	Compression		5 days
		Rat	Contusion		3 days
MMP-14	MT1-MMP	Rat	Contusion		3 days
MMP-16	MT3-MMP				1–21 days
MMP-17	MT54-MMP				1–21 days
MMP-19					24 h
MMP-20	Enamelysin				24 h
MMP-21	XMMP				21 days
MMP-23	Femalysin	Mice	Compression	Decreased transcripts	1–2 days	Not studied	qtPCR	[19]
MMP-24	MT5-MMP				2–5 days
MMP-15	MT2-MMP	Rat	Contusion	Changed transcripts	1-3 days ↓, 7–21 days ↑	Not studied	qtPCR	[20]
MMP-8	Collagenase 2				1 day ↓, 3–21 days ↑
MMP-25	MT6-MMP
MMP-28	Epilysin

ICC = immunocytochemistry; qtPCR = quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction; MMP = matrix metalloproteinase; MT = membrane type; XMMP = Xenopus laevis matrix metalloproteinase.