Table 2.
Characteristics of 746 Breast Cancer Survivors in the Health, Eating, Activity, Lifestyle Study by Quartiles of Healthy Eating Index (HEI)–2005 Scores
| Postdiagnosis Diet Quality | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HEI-2005 Quartile 1 (35–57) “Poor” | HEI-2005 Quartile 2 (57–67) “Mixed” | HEI-2005 Quartile 3 (67–75) “Mixed” | HEI-2005 Quartile 4 (75–87) “Better” | ||||||
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | p-value5 | |
| Number of participants | 186 | 187 | 187 | 186 | |||||
| Age1 | |||||||||
| Mean (SE) | 55.7 (0.7) | 58.1 (0.8) | 57.7 (0.7) | 60.1 (0.8) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Race/Ethnicity | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 86 | 46 | 102 | 55 | 126 | 67 | 134 | 72 | |
| Hispanic | 29 | 16 | 24 | 13 | 17 | 9 | 1 | 6 | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 67 | 36 | 55 | 29 | 39 | 21 | 35 | 19 | |
| American Indian, Asian, Other | 4 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 3 | |
| Recruitment Site | 0.001 | ||||||||
| Western Washington | 39 | 21 | 40 | 21 | 43 | 23 | 44 | 24 | |
| New Mexico | 80 | 43 | 93 | 50 | 105 | 56 | 107 | 58 | |
| Los Angeles County, California | 67 | 36 | 54 | 29 | 39 | 21 | 35 | 19 | |
| Menopausal Status1 | 0.01 | ||||||||
| Premenopausal | 65 | 35 | 62 | 33 | 63 | 34 | 54 | 29 | |
| Postmenopausal | 106 | 57 | 116 | 62 | 114 | 61 | 128 | 69 | |
| Unknown | 15 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 10 | 5 | 4 | 2 | |
| Treatment | 0.69 | ||||||||
| Surgery only | 65 | 35 | 59 | 32 | 54 | 29 | 58 | 31 | |
| + radiation | 71 | 38 | 68 | 36 | 74 | 40 | 72 | 39 | |
| +chemotherapy | 20 | 11 | 16 | 9 | 19 | 10 | 18 | 10 | |
| +radiation and chemotherapy | 30 | 16 | 44 | 24 | 40 | 21 | 38 | 20 | |
| Stage | |||||||||
| In situ | 50 | 27 | 41 | 22 | 46 | 25 | 39 | 21 | |
| Localized | 97 | 52 | 108 | 58 | 97 | 52 | 103 | 55 | |
| Regional | 39 | 21 | 38 | 20 | 44 | 24 | 44 | 24 | |
| Current Tamoxifen use | 0.14 | ||||||||
| No | 111 | 60 | 106 | 57 | 104 | 56 | 97 | 52 | |
| Yes | 75 | 40 | 81 | 43 | 83 | 44 | 89 | 48 | |
| Estrogen Receptor Status2 | 0.33 | ||||||||
| Positive | 94 | 51 | 105 | 56 | 106 | 57 | 113 | 61 | |
| Negative | 31 | 17 | 35 | 19 | 29 | 16 | 22 | 12 | |
| HEI-2005 score (100 points possible) | |||||||||
| Mean (SE) | 50.3 (0.4) | 62.6 (0.2) | 70.8 (0.2) | 79.0 (0.2) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Energy/day (kcal) | |||||||||
| Mean (SE) | 1723 (87) | 1514 (50) | 1396 (45) | 1256 (34) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Fruit (c eq/1000 kcal) | |||||||||
| Mean (SE) | 0.5 (0.03) | 0.9 (0.04) | 1.2 (0.06) | 1.7 (0.06) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Whole fruit (c eq/1000 kcal) | |||||||||
| Mean (SE) | 0.3 (0.02) | 0.6 (0.03) | 0.8 (0.05) | 1.2 (0.06) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Vegetables (c eq/1000 kcal)3 | |||||||||
| Mean (SE) | 0.8 (0.03) | 1.0 (0.05) | 1.1 (0.03) | 1.3 (0.04) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Dark green vegetables, orange vegetables, and legumes (c eq/1000kcal)3 | |||||||||
| Mean (SE) | 0.1 (0.01) | 0.2 (0.03) | 0.2 (0.01) | 0.3 (0.01) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Total grains (oz eq/1000 kcal) | |||||||||
| Mean (SE) | 2.5 (0.07) | 2.7 (0.07) | 2.8 (0.07) | 2.9 (0.06) | 0.0002 | ||||
| Whole grains (oz eq/1000 kcal) | |||||||||
| Mean (SE) | 0.4 (0.03) | 0.6 (0.03) | 0.7 (0.04) | 0.9 (0.04) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Meat & beans (oz eq/1000kcal)4 | |||||||||
| Mean (SE) | 3.0 (0.09) | 3.0 (0.08) | 3.0 (0.07) | 2.9 (0.07) | 0.38 | ||||
| Oils (g/1000 kcal) | |||||||||
| Mean (SE) | 9.6 (0.35) | 11.1 (0.36) | 11.5 (0.37) | 11.2 (0.40) | 0.003 | ||||
| Milk (c eq/1000 kcal) | |||||||||
| Mean (SE) | 0.7 (0.03) | 0.9 (0.04) | 0.9 (0.05) | 1.0 (0.05) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Sodium (g/1000 kcal) | |||||||||
| Mean (SE) | 1.5 (0.02) | 1.7 (0.02) | 1.6 (0.02) | 1.7 (0.02) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Percent calories from saturated fat | |||||||||
| Mean (SE) | 14.1 (0.24) | 12.4 (0.18) | 10.6 (0.16) | 8.6 (0.14) | <0.0001 | ||||
| Percent discretionary calories from solid fat, alcoholic beverages, and added sugars | |||||||||
| Mean (SE) | 40.5 (0.55) | 31.9 (0.40) | 27.1 (0.33) | 20.8 (0.33) | <0.0001 | ||||
| MET-hours/week of postdiagnosis recreational physical activity | |||||||||
| Mean (SE) | 8.5 (1.0) | 11.4 (1.1) | 13.4 (1.2) | 18.1 (1.8) | <0.0001 | ||||
| BMI1 | |||||||||
| Mean (SE) | 28.6 (0.5) | 28.9 (0.5) | 27.4 (0.4) | 26.6 (0.4) | 0.003 | ||||
| Current smoker1 | 37 | 20 | 22 | 12 | 21 | 11 | 13 | 7 | 0.003 |
| Current use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs1 | 78 | 42 | 56 | 30 | 71 | 38 | 78 | 42 | 1.00 |
1
At 30-month assessment
2
Confirmed positive/negative status for 535 participants
3
Includes legumes only after meat and beans standard has been met
4
Includes legumes only if meat and beans standard is otherwise not met
5
p-values are for likelihood ratio chi-square tests contrasting means (continuous variables) and percentages (categorical variables) for women with a better quality diet compared to those with a poor quality diet.