Table 2.
Comparison between the percutaneous embolisation [1–7, 13–22] approach versus surgical ligation [8–12, 23–42]
| PTE group | SL group | |
|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 85 | 85 |
| Origin of CAFs | ||
| LCA | 53 (62%) | 68 (80%) |
| RCA | 33 (38%) | 18 (20%) |
| Qp:Qs | 2.06:1.0 | 2.04:1.0 |
| Tortuousity | Frequently present | Prevalent |
| Aneurysm | Rare | Common |
| Unilateral fistula | (84/85) 99% | (76/85) 89% |
| Bilateral fistula | (1/85) 1% | (9/85) 11% |
| Diagnostic workup | Multimodality | Multimodality |
| Confirmation of complete occlusion | Multimodality | Multimodality |
| Associated congenital/acquired lesions | Infrequent | Frequent (23%) |
| Follow-up period | Mean 2.4 years (range 1 month–13 years) | Mean 2.2 years(range 3 months–9.6 years) |
CAFs coronary artery fistulas, LCA left coronary artery, PTE percutaneous transluminal ‘therapeutic’ embolisation, RCA right coronary artery, SL surgical ligation