Table 1.
Baseline characteristics stratified by virological response status
| Responders* (n = 1010) |
Nonresponders* (n = 375) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at HAART initiation | |||
| 18–29 years | 113 (11.2) | 48 (12.8) | 0.02 |
| 30–39 years | 393 (38.9) | 175 (46.7) | |
| 40–49 years | 372 (36.8) | 118 (31.5) | |
| ≥50 years | 132 (13.1) | 34 (9.1) | |
| Median (IQR) age (years) | 40 (34, 45) | 38 (33, 43) | <0.01† |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 342 (33.9) | 149 (39.7) | 0.04 |
| Male | 668 (66.1) | 226 (60.3) | |
| Racial/ethnic category | |||
| African American | 755 (74.8) | 324 (86.4) | <0.001 |
| White | 233 (23.1) | 44 (11.7) | |
| Hispanic (non-African American) | 7 (0.7) | 6 (1.6) | |
| Asian | 4 (0.4) | 0 | |
| Other | 11 (1.1) | 1 (0.3) | |
| HIV risk factors | |||
| IDU | 201 (19.9) | 90 (24.0) | 0.10 |
| IDU-heterosexual | 177 (17.5) | 81 (21.6) | |
| IDU-MSM | 43 (4.3) | 12 (3.2) | |
| Heterosexual | 304 (30.1) | 108 (28.8) | |
| MSM | 221 (21.9) | 63 (16.8) | |
| Unknown/other | 64 (6.3) | 21 (5.6) | |
| CD4 count at HAART initiation | |||
| <50 cells/µL | 257 (25.5) | 115 (30.7) | 0.21 |
| 50–199 cells/µL | 326 (32.3) | 108 (28.8) | |
| 200–349 cells/µL | 250 (24.8) | 94 (25.1) | |
| ≥350 cells/µL | 177 (17.5) | 58 (15.5) | |
| Median (IQR) CD4 count (cells/µL) | 158 (48, 298) | 151 (30, 287) | 0.12† |
| HIV-1 RNA at HAART initiation | |||
| <4 log10 copies/mL | 187 (18.5) | 80 (21.3) | 0.31 |
| 4–5 log10 copies/mL | 391 (38.7) | 150 (40.0) | |
| ≥5 log10 copies/mL | 432 (42.8) | 145 (38.7) | |
| Median (IQR) HIV-1 RNA (log10 copies/mL) | 4.8 (4.3, 5.4) | 4.8 (4.1, 5.3) | 0.08† |
| HAART type | |||
| NNRTI (plus ≥2 NRTIs) | 360 (36.9) | 93 (25.5) | <0.001 |
| PI (plus ≥2 NRTIs) | 503 (51.5) | 231 (63.3) | |
| Both PI and NNRTI (plus ≥1 NRTI) | 114 (11.7) | 41 (11.2) | |
| Calendar era of HAART initiation | |||
| 1997–1998 | 383 (37.9) | 217 (57.9) | <0.001 |
| 1999–2002 | 384 (38.0) | 105 (28.0) | |
| 2003–2006 | 243 (24.1) | 53 (14.1) | |
| PCP prophylaxis at HAART initiation (if CD4 <200 cells/µL) | 0.74 | ||
| Use | 550 (94.3) | 209 (93.7) | |
| Nonuse | 33 (5.7) | 14 (6.3) | |
| MAC prophylaxis at HAART initiation (if CD4 <50 cells/µL) | <0.001 | ||
| Use | 236 (91.8) | 90 (78.3) | |
| Nonuse | 21 (8.2) | 25 (21.7) | |
| Median (IQR) CD4 increase at 6 months after HAART initiation | 101 (39, 173) | 7 (−21, 61) | <0.001 |
*
Values are n (%) unless otherwise specified.
Statistical comparisons were performed using the χ2 test except where
†
indicates that the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used. Significant values are shown in bold.
HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; IDU, injecting drug use; IQR, interquartile range; MSM, men who have sex with men; PI, protease inhibitor; NNRTI, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PCP, Pneumocystis pneumonia; MAC, Mycobacterium avium complex.