TABLE 3.

Payoff Time for Colorectal Cancer Screening, by Age, Sex, and Individualized Benefit-to-Harm Adjustor (the Ratio of a Patient’s Relative Risk for Colorectal Cancer Divided by That Patient’s Relative Risk for Complications From Colonoscopy)

	Age 40		Age 50		Age 60		Age 70		Age ≥80
	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F
Individualized benefit-to-harm adjustor†
0.05	>10	>10	>10	>10	>10	>10	9.8	>10	7.5	8.0
0.1	>10	>10	>10	>10	9.7	>10	7.5	8.6	6.2	6.5
0.2	>10	>10	>10	>10	7.3	8.7	6.2	6.7	5.6	5.8
0.5	>10	>10	7.4	8.7	6.0	6.5	5.5	5.8	5.2	5.3
1‡	9.0	10.0	6.2	6.8	5.4	5.7	5.2	5.3	5.1	5.2
2	7.0	7.6	5.6	5.9	5.3	5.4	5.1	5.2	5.0	5.1
4	6.0	6.3	5.3	5.5	5.1	5.2	5.0	5.1	5.0	5.0
10	5.4	5.5	5.1	5.2	5.0	5.1	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
20	5.2	5.3	5.0	5.1	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0

^*If a patient’s individual characteristics amplify harms more than benefits (ie a patient’s relative risk for colorectal cancer is less than her relative risk for complications), then the benefit-to-harm adjustor is less than 1, and adjustment increases the payoff time. If a patient’s individual characteristics amplify benefits more than harms, then the benefit-to-harm adjustor is greater than 1, and adjustment lowers the payoff time.

^†The benefit-to-harm adjustor may also be impacted by life expectancy in the particular circumstance when there is a delay until benefits first occur. This added level of complexity is unlikely to be clinically significant for these cases, and is omitted from the table.

^‡This corresponds to the unadjusted payoff time.