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. 2011 Apr 15;22(8):1340–1352. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E10-09-0754

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© 2011 Shirai et al. This article is distributed by The American Society for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). Two months after publication it is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0).

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FIGURE 11: — Hypothetic roles of binding of PKCη and RalA during keratinocyte differentiation. (A) In basal cells, PKCη is localized in the cytoplasm, whereas RalA and actin present at the membrane. N, nucleus. (B) Production of CS during the differentiation activates PKCη, resulting in translocation to the membrane. The activated PKCη up-regulates marker proteins for differentiation (dotted lines) and binds to RalA. (C) Binding of PKCη to RalA somehow induces actin depolymerization, resulting in dottily colocalization of PKCη, RalA, and actin in the cytoplasm of enlarged cells. (D) Finally, the enlarged cells differentiated to cornified cells.