Table 1.
Clinical and metabolic characteristics of overweight/obese subjects by ethnicity
| Entire cohort | Children of Dutch origin | Children of ethnic origin | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 1,007 | 262 | 745 |
| Male (%) | 50.7 | 45.8 | 52.5 |
| Pubertal (%) | 58.5 | 52.7 | 60.5* |
| Age (years) | 11.4 ± 3.2 | 11.5 ± 3.2 | 11.4 ± 3.2 |
| Z-BMI | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.5* |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 116 ± 13 | 116 ± 13 | 116 ± 13 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 69 ± 9 | 67 ± 8 | 69 ± 9* |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.2 ± 0.4 | 5.1 ± 0.4 | 5.2 ± 0.4* |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 110 (72–162) | 110 (67–153) | 110 (74–167) |
| HOMA-IR | 3.8 (2.5–5.8) | 3.9 (2.3–5.6) | 3.8 (2.5–6.0) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 0.8 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3)* |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.7 ± 0.7 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) |
| ALT (IU/L)∞ | 22 (17–29) | 22 (17–27) | 22 (17–29) |
| Prevalence, (%) | |||
| Z-BMI > 2 (component of the metabolic syndrome) | 94.7 | 91.2 | 96.0 |
| The metabolic syndrome | 15.4 | 10.3 | 17.2* |
| IFG | 16.3 | 13.4 | 19.2* |
| IGT | 4.9 | 4.7 | 5.3 |
| High HDL cholesterol | 23.3 | 12.2 | 27.2* |
| High triglycerides | 19.5 | 18.7 | 19.7 |
| Hypertension | 19.3 | 16.8 | 20.1 |
| High ALTa | 11.1 | 9.2 | 11.5 |
| High LDL cholesterol | 14.3 | 16.4 | 13.6 |
| Insulin resistance | 54.1 | 56.6 | 54.8 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD, N (%) and median (interquartile range) for variables with a skewed distribution. Converting factors, Millimoles per litre to milligrams per decilitre: glucose, divide by 0.055; HDL/LDL cholesterol, divide by 0.0259; triglycerides, divide by 0.0113. Millimoles per litre to international units per litre: insulin, divide by 6.945. IFG – impaired fasting glucose, IGT – impaired glucose intolerance.
∞ N = 657
*P < 0.05
a N = 657