FIG. 6.
Proteins interact with short-patch and long-patch BER pathways. XRCC1 functions as a scaffold protein to form repair complexes with Polβ and DNA ligase III, and stimulates the activity of DNA ligase III in the short-patch pathway. PCNA strongly stimulates the 5′-flap cleavage activity of FEN1 and DNA Polδ/ɛ in the long patch pathway. Rad9, Rad1, and Hus1 complex recognizes DNA damage and interacts with DNA glycosylases, APE1, Polβ, FEN1, and DNA ligase I. PARP-1 recognizes and also interacts with XRCC1 and Polβ. 9-1-1 complex, Rad9, Rad1, and Hus1 complex; DNA pol, DNA polymerase.