Table 1. Study characteristics and quality of included studies (ordered by year of study).
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Quality assessmenta
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First author-year | Study design | Index test | 1a | 1b | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8a | 8b | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| Studying serum or effusion markers | |||||||||||||||||
| Aleman – 2009r1 | Case–control | SMRP(e) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Davies – 2009r2 | Prospective cohort of consecutive patients with pleural effusion, suspected of pleural malignancy | SMRP(e) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Grigoriu – 2009r3 b | Cohort of patients with suspected mesothelioma | HA(es) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Rodriquez Portal – 2009r4 | Prospective case–control | SMRP(s) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Shigematsu – 2009r5 | Case–control | Gene-X(s), THBS-2(s) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Amati – 2008r6 | Prospective case–control | 80HdG(s), HGF(s), PDGFβ(s), SMRP(s), VEGFβ(s), bFGF(s) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Creaney – 2008r7 | Case–control | MPF(s), SMRP(s), osteopontin(s) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Iwahori – 2008r8 | Case–control | MPF(s), SMRP(s) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Pass – 2008r9 | Case–control | SMRP(es) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Schneider – 2008r10 | Prospective case–control | SMRP(s) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Creaney – - 2007r11 b | Case–control | CA125(s) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Creaney – 2007r12 c | Retrospective cohort of consecutive patients with pleural effusion | SMRP(e) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Cristaudo – 2007r13 | Case–control | SMRP(s) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Di Serio – 2007r14 | Case–control | SMRP(s) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Grigoriu – 2007r15 b | Case–control | Osteopontin(s) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Shiomi – 2007r16 | Prospective case–control | MPF(s) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Van den Heuvel – 2007r17 | Retrospective case–control | CEA(s), CYFRA21-1(s), SMRP(s) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Welker – 2007r18 | Case–control | HA(e) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Onda – 2006r19 | Retrospective case–control | MPF(s) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Filiberti – 2005r20 | Prospective case–control | PDGF-AB(s) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Pass – 2005r21 | Case–control | Osteopontin(s) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Scherpereel – 2005r22 | Prospective cohort of consecutive patients with suspected or recently diagnosed mesothelioma | SMRP(es) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Neri – 2003r23 | Prospective case–control | p53(s) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Villena – 2003r24 | Prospective cohort of patients with pleural effusion | CA15-3(e), CA549(e), CA72-4(e), CEA(e) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Creaney - 2001r25 | Case–control | p53(s) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Paganuzzi – 2001r26 | Cohort of consecutive patients with pleural effusion | CEA(e), CYFRA21-1(e) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Fuhrman – 2000r27 | Prospective case–control | CEA(es), HA(e) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Alatas – 1999r28 | Case–control | CA15-3(es), CA19-9(e), CEA(es), CYFRA21-1(es), NSE(es), TSA(es) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Miedouge – 1999r29 | Retrospective case–control | CA15-3(e), CA19-9(e), CA72-4(e), CEA(e), CYFRA21-1(e), NSE(e), SCC(e) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Nisman – 1998r30 | Case–control | CEA(s), CYFRA21-1(s), TPS(s) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Atagi – 1997r31 | Prospective cohort of consecutive patients with pleural effusion or previously diagnosed mesothelioma | CEA(e), HA(e) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Ebert – 1997r32 | Prospective case–control | CEA(s), CYFRA21-1(s), NSE(s), TPA-M(s), TPS(s) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Shijubo – 1995r33 | Case–control | CEA(e), SP-A(e) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Villena – 1995r34 | Prospective cohort of patients with pleural effusion | CA15-3(e), CA19-9(e), CA72-4(e), CEA(e) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Whitaker – 1986r35 | Retrospective case–control | CEA(e) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Fravelli – 1984r36 | Cohort of patients with pleural effusion | CEA(e) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Studying immunohistochemical markers | |||||||||||||||||
| Shen – 2009r37 | Retrospective case–control | EMA, Glut-1m, Glut-1p, XIAP | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Slipicevic – 2009r38 | Case–control | IGF-II, IGFBP3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Yuan – 2009r39 | Case–control | B72-3, Ber-EP4, EMA, Tenascin-X, calretinin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Bhalla – 2007r40 | Retrospective case–control | CK5, D2-40, calretinin, podoplanin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Facchetti – 2007r41 | Retrospective cohort of patients with effusion | Claudin4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Grefte – 2007r42 | Retrospective case–control | B72-3, Ber-EP4, CEA, EMA, HMFG-2, calretinin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Kleinberg – 2007r43 | Retrospective case–control | Claudin1, claudin3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Pu – 2007r44 | Retrospective case–control | MOC-31, WT-1, mesothelin, p63 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| Shield – 2007r45 | Retrospective case–control | CK5/6, calretinin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Aerts – 2006r46 | Prospective case–control | Ber-EP4, CEA, EMA, TAG-72 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Bassarova – 2006r47 | Case–control | D2-40 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Li – 2006r48 | Retrospective case–control | Ber-EP4, CAM5-2, CEA, CK5/6, K903, calretinin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Saad – 2006r49 | Retrospective case–control | CK5/6, D2-40, TTF-1, WT-1, calretinin, p63 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Sivertsen – 2006r50 | Case-control | E-cadherin, N-cadherin, P-cadherin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Afify – 2005r51 | Retrospective case–control | CD44S, HA | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Hecht – 2005r52 | Retrospective case–control | MOC-31 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Saad – 2005r53 | Retrospective case–control | EMA | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Saqi – 2005r54 | Case–control | CD138 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Schonherr – 2004r55 | Case–control | Ki67 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Afify – 2002r56 | Retrospective case–control | TTF-1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Afify – 2002r57 | Retrospective case–control | Actin, desmin, myogenin, myoglobin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Davidson – 2001r58 b | Case–control | CA125, CEA, desmin, p53, vimentin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Hecht – 2001r59 | Retrospective case–control | WT1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Hecht – 2001r60 | Retrospective case–control | TTF-1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Simsir – 2001r61 | Retrospective case–control | SV-40 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Wieczorek – 2000r62 | Retrospective case–control | Calretinin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Dejmek – 1999r63 | Retrospective case–control | CAM5-2, Leu-M1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Motherby – 1999r64 | Retrospective cohort of patient with pleural effusion | Ber-EP4, CEA, EMA, Leu-M1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Simir – 1999r65 | Retrospective case–control | E-cadherin, N-cadherin, calretinin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Ascoli – 1997r66 | Case–control | HBME-1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Delahaye – 1997r67 | Case–control | B72-3, Ber-EP4, CEA, Leu-M1, MOC-31 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Ascoli – 1995r68 | Case–control | Ber-EP4, EMA, cytokeratin, thrombomodulin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Baars – 1994r69 | Retrospective case–control | Keratin7 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Donna – 1992r70 | Case–control | Mesothelin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Betta – 1991r71 | Case–control | B72-3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Delahaye – 1991r72 b | Retrospective case–control | EMA, OV632 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Kuhlman – 1991r73 | Retrospective case–control | B72-3, BMA-120, Ber-EP4, CEA, HEA-125, cytokeratin, vimentin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Linari – 1989r74 | Prospective case–control | HMFG-2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Cibas – 1987r75 | Retrospective case–control | CEA, EMA, HMFG-2, keratin | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Ghosh – 1987r76 | Retrospective cohort of patients with suspected/diagnosed mesothelioma | CA1/2, CEA, HMFG-2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Walts – 1983r77 | Retrospective case–control | Keratin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Studying genetic markers | |||||||||||||||||
| Illei – 2003r78 | Prospective case–control | CDKN2A-deletion(e) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Flores-Staino – 2009r79 | Case–control | CDKN2A-deletion(e) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Studying several types of markers | |||||||||||||||||
| Botelho – 2008r80 | Retrospective case–control | Genetic: CDKN2A-deletion(e) immunohistochemical: Ber-EP4, calretinin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Creaney – 2008r81 | Retrospective case–control | Biomarkers: CA15-3(es) immunohistochemical: EMA | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Dejmek – 2005r82 | Case–control | Biomarkers: HA(e) immunohistochemical: Ber-EP4, CEA, Ca125, EMA, HBME-1, Sial-Tn, thrombomodulin, vimentin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
(e), assessed in effusion; (s), assessed in serum; (es), assessed in effusion and serum.
a
See Supplementary Appendix for criteria on quality assessment, items were scored 1=yes, 2=no, 3=unclear.
b
Also studied other markers that we did not incorporate because of overlap with other studies.
c
Also studied SMRP in serum that we did not incorporate because of overlap with other studies.