Table 1. Study characteristics and quality of included studies (ordered by year of study).
Quality assessmenta
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First author-year | Study design | Index test | 1a | 1b | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8a | 8b | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
Studying serum or effusion markers | |||||||||||||||||
Aleman – 2009r1 | Case–control | SMRP(e) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Davies – 2009r2 | Prospective cohort of consecutive patients with pleural effusion, suspected of pleural malignancy | SMRP(e) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Grigoriu – 2009r3 b | Cohort of patients with suspected mesothelioma | HA(es) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
Rodriquez Portal – 2009r4 | Prospective case–control | SMRP(s) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Shigematsu – 2009r5 | Case–control | Gene-X(s), THBS-2(s) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Amati – 2008r6 | Prospective case–control | 80HdG(s), HGF(s), PDGFβ(s), SMRP(s), VEGFβ(s), bFGF(s) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Creaney – 2008r7 | Case–control | MPF(s), SMRP(s), osteopontin(s) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Iwahori – 2008r8 | Case–control | MPF(s), SMRP(s) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Pass – 2008r9 | Case–control | SMRP(es) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Schneider – 2008r10 | Prospective case–control | SMRP(s) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Creaney – - 2007r11 b | Case–control | CA125(s) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Creaney – 2007r12 c | Retrospective cohort of consecutive patients with pleural effusion | SMRP(e) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Cristaudo – 2007r13 | Case–control | SMRP(s) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Di Serio – 2007r14 | Case–control | SMRP(s) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Grigoriu – 2007r15 b | Case–control | Osteopontin(s) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
Shiomi – 2007r16 | Prospective case–control | MPF(s) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Van den Heuvel – 2007r17 | Retrospective case–control | CEA(s), CYFRA21-1(s), SMRP(s) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Welker – 2007r18 | Case–control | HA(e) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Onda – 2006r19 | Retrospective case–control | MPF(s) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Filiberti – 2005r20 | Prospective case–control | PDGF-AB(s) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Pass – 2005r21 | Case–control | Osteopontin(s) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Scherpereel – 2005r22 | Prospective cohort of consecutive patients with suspected or recently diagnosed mesothelioma | SMRP(es) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Neri – 2003r23 | Prospective case–control | p53(s) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Villena – 2003r24 | Prospective cohort of patients with pleural effusion | CA15-3(e), CA549(e), CA72-4(e), CEA(e) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Creaney - 2001r25 | Case–control | p53(s) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Paganuzzi – 2001r26 | Cohort of consecutive patients with pleural effusion | CEA(e), CYFRA21-1(e) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Fuhrman – 2000r27 | Prospective case–control | CEA(es), HA(e) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Alatas – 1999r28 | Case–control | CA15-3(es), CA19-9(e), CEA(es), CYFRA21-1(es), NSE(es), TSA(es) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Miedouge – 1999r29 | Retrospective case–control | CA15-3(e), CA19-9(e), CA72-4(e), CEA(e), CYFRA21-1(e), NSE(e), SCC(e) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Nisman – 1998r30 | Case–control | CEA(s), CYFRA21-1(s), TPS(s) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Atagi – 1997r31 | Prospective cohort of consecutive patients with pleural effusion or previously diagnosed mesothelioma | CEA(e), HA(e) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
Ebert – 1997r32 | Prospective case–control | CEA(s), CYFRA21-1(s), NSE(s), TPA-M(s), TPS(s) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Shijubo – 1995r33 | Case–control | CEA(e), SP-A(e) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Villena – 1995r34 | Prospective cohort of patients with pleural effusion | CA15-3(e), CA19-9(e), CA72-4(e), CEA(e) | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Whitaker – 1986r35 | Retrospective case–control | CEA(e) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Fravelli – 1984r36 | Cohort of patients with pleural effusion | CEA(e) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Studying immunohistochemical markers | |||||||||||||||||
Shen – 2009r37 | Retrospective case–control | EMA, Glut-1m, Glut-1p, XIAP | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Slipicevic – 2009r38 | Case–control | IGF-II, IGFBP3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Yuan – 2009r39 | Case–control | B72-3, Ber-EP4, EMA, Tenascin-X, calretinin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Bhalla – 2007r40 | Retrospective case–control | CK5, D2-40, calretinin, podoplanin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Facchetti – 2007r41 | Retrospective cohort of patients with effusion | Claudin4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Grefte – 2007r42 | Retrospective case–control | B72-3, Ber-EP4, CEA, EMA, HMFG-2, calretinin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Kleinberg – 2007r43 | Retrospective case–control | Claudin1, claudin3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Pu – 2007r44 | Retrospective case–control | MOC-31, WT-1, mesothelin, p63 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
Shield – 2007r45 | Retrospective case–control | CK5/6, calretinin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
Aerts – 2006r46 | Prospective case–control | Ber-EP4, CEA, EMA, TAG-72 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Bassarova – 2006r47 | Case–control | D2-40 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Li – 2006r48 | Retrospective case–control | Ber-EP4, CAM5-2, CEA, CK5/6, K903, calretinin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Saad – 2006r49 | Retrospective case–control | CK5/6, D2-40, TTF-1, WT-1, calretinin, p63 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
Sivertsen – 2006r50 | Case-control | E-cadherin, N-cadherin, P-cadherin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Afify – 2005r51 | Retrospective case–control | CD44S, HA | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Hecht – 2005r52 | Retrospective case–control | MOC-31 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Saad – 2005r53 | Retrospective case–control | EMA | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Saqi – 2005r54 | Case–control | CD138 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Schonherr – 2004r55 | Case–control | Ki67 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Afify – 2002r56 | Retrospective case–control | TTF-1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Afify – 2002r57 | Retrospective case–control | Actin, desmin, myogenin, myoglobin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Davidson – 2001r58 b | Case–control | CA125, CEA, desmin, p53, vimentin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Hecht – 2001r59 | Retrospective case–control | WT1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Hecht – 2001r60 | Retrospective case–control | TTF-1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Simsir – 2001r61 | Retrospective case–control | SV-40 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Wieczorek – 2000r62 | Retrospective case–control | Calretinin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Dejmek – 1999r63 | Retrospective case–control | CAM5-2, Leu-M1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
Motherby – 1999r64 | Retrospective cohort of patient with pleural effusion | Ber-EP4, CEA, EMA, Leu-M1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
Simir – 1999r65 | Retrospective case–control | E-cadherin, N-cadherin, calretinin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Ascoli – 1997r66 | Case–control | HBME-1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Delahaye – 1997r67 | Case–control | B72-3, Ber-EP4, CEA, Leu-M1, MOC-31 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Ascoli – 1995r68 | Case–control | Ber-EP4, EMA, cytokeratin, thrombomodulin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Baars – 1994r69 | Retrospective case–control | Keratin7 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Donna – 1992r70 | Case–control | Mesothelin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Betta – 1991r71 | Case–control | B72-3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Delahaye – 1991r72 b | Retrospective case–control | EMA, OV632 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Kuhlman – 1991r73 | Retrospective case–control | B72-3, BMA-120, Ber-EP4, CEA, HEA-125, cytokeratin, vimentin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Linari – 1989r74 | Prospective case–control | HMFG-2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
Cibas – 1987r75 | Retrospective case–control | CEA, EMA, HMFG-2, keratin | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Ghosh – 1987r76 | Retrospective cohort of patients with suspected/diagnosed mesothelioma | CA1/2, CEA, HMFG-2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Walts – 1983r77 | Retrospective case–control | Keratin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Studying genetic markers | |||||||||||||||||
Illei – 2003r78 | Prospective case–control | CDKN2A-deletion(e) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
Flores-Staino – 2009r79 | Case–control | CDKN2A-deletion(e) | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
Studying several types of markers | |||||||||||||||||
Botelho – 2008r80 | Retrospective case–control | Genetic: CDKN2A-deletion(e) immunohistochemical: Ber-EP4, calretinin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
Creaney – 2008r81 | Retrospective case–control | Biomarkers: CA15-3(es) immunohistochemical: EMA | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
Dejmek – 2005r82 | Case–control | Biomarkers: HA(e) immunohistochemical: Ber-EP4, CEA, Ca125, EMA, HBME-1, Sial-Tn, thrombomodulin, vimentin | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
(e), assessed in effusion; (s), assessed in serum; (es), assessed in effusion and serum.
See Supplementary Appendix for criteria on quality assessment, items were scored 1=yes, 2=no, 3=unclear.
Also studied other markers that we did not incorporate because of overlap with other studies.
Also studied SMRP in serum that we did not incorporate because of overlap with other studies.