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Pathologies Associated with Local Hypertonicity and Inflammation
| Disorder | Osmolality (mosm/kg H2O) | Refs. |
|---|---|---|
| Corneal inflammation in dry eye syndrome | 330-365 (tear film) | [47] |
| Diabetes mellitus | 310-350 (serum) | [48, 49] |
| Exercise-induced airway inflammation in obstructive pulmonary disorders | 350 (bronchial fluid) | [50] |
| Hypernatremia | 340 (serum) | [51,52] |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | 490 (faeces) | [53, 54] |
