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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Paediatr Anaesth. 2010 Dec 29;21(3):325–334. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2010.03484.x

Table 3.

Base model population estimates for the pharmacokinetic parameters of R (+) (NONMEM Objective Function Value OFV −206.749) and S (−) (OFV −333.939) Ketorolac in 8 infants aged 2.5–6 months combined with previously studied dataset comprising 25 infants and toddlers (aged 6–18 months). The covariate model for S (−) ketorolac (OFV −337.764) is also reported.

Parameter Estimates Between-Subject
Variability
Valuea (θ) S.E.(%)b
BSVc (ω) S.E (%).b
R (+) Ketorolac Base Model
  CL (ml/min) 7.91 9.4 0.244 29.1
    V1 (ml) 1110 9.0 0.304 23.4
    Q (ml/min) 6.74 14.8 NE NE
    V2 (ml) 670 17.3 0.373 68.9
    σ2
      Proportional 0.0305 21.8
      Additive 0.00436 45.0
S (−) Ketorolac Base Model
    CL (ml/min) 39.5 13.0 0.462 33.3
    V1 (ml) 1930 15.2 0.471 23.6
    Q (ml/min) 95.1 3.1 NE NE
    V2 (ml) 319 58.3 1.76 45.1
    σ2 0.0176 59.7
S (−) Ketorolac Covariate Model
    Intercept on CL (ml/min) 40.3 10.3 0.380 30.0
    Normalized slope on CL 1.04 2.16
(1/month) 2060 11.8 0.447 22.2
    V1 (ml) 94.2 3.96 NE NE
    Q (ml/min) 205 54.6 2.71 39.1
    V2 (ml) 0.0179 59.2
    σ2
a

Fixed-effect parameters: clearance (CL), central volume of distribution (V1), inter-compartmental clearance (Q) and peripheral volume of distribution (V2). Residual error parameters: variance of the exponential error model for R (+) ketorolac and variance of the additive error model for S (−) ketorolac. NE, not estimated.

b

Standard error expressed as percent coefficient of variation.

c

BSV, between-subject variability expressed in variance units (approximately coefficient of variation squared).