Table 3.

Valve Stiffness (N/mm²)

	Isovolumic Contraction (IVC)						Isovolumic Relaxation (IVR)
	Annulus		Belly		Edge		Annulus		Belly		Edge
	Ecirc	Erad	Ecirc	Erad	Ecirc	Erad	Ecirc	Erad	Ecirc	Erad	Ecirc	Erad
C	60±14	19±4	46±12	13±4	53±13	16±4	46±12	13±3	35±11	9±3	40±11	11±3
% IVR vs. IVC	131	147	132	154	133	150
t-test IVR vs. IVC	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
βB	45±12	13±3	41±11	11±3	53±13	16±4	45±13	13±3	35±10	9±3	40±11	11±2
% IVR vs. IVC	99	97	116	129	132	149
t-test IVR vs. IVC	0.68	0.34	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
% C vs. βB	75	65	87	85	99	100	100	99	99	101	100	100
t-test C vs. βB	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.80	0.75	0.75	0.56	1	1
βB +STIM	57±15	18±5	53±14	15±4	67±14	22±5	58±14	18±5	47±12	13±3	52±13	16±4
% IVR vs. IVC	99	101	112	116	129	140
t-test IVR vs. IVC	0.95	0.76	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
% C vs. βB +STIM	96	91	114	114	126	135	127	134	134	152	131	145
t-test C vs. βB +STIM	0.04	0.10	<0.001	0.02	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
% βB vs. βB +STIM	128	140	131	134	127	140	128	135	135	149	131	145
t-test βB vs. βB +STIM	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001

C—Control; βB—Beta-blocked; βB +STIM— β-blocked with STIM; IVR—isovolumic relaxation period of the cardiac cycle; IVC—isovolumic contraction period of the cardiac cycle. Ecirc—circumferential stiffness (N/mm²); Erad—radial stiffness (N/mm²). See Figure 2 for locations of Annulus, Belly, Edge. p<0.025 significant.