Effect of diets containing BRB or BRB residues/fractions on papilloma development in NMBA-treated rat esophagus. Rats treated with NMBA + 5% BRB, NMBA + anthocyanin (AC) fraction, NMBA + ethanol/H2O–soluble extract (Ethanol/H2O), and NMBA + residue fraction (Residue) had fewer papillomas (A) and smaller papilloma volume (B) than rats treated with NMBA only. Columns, mean (n = 15); bars, SD. *, significantly lower (P < 0.05) than rats treated with NMBA only.