Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants With and Without Events*
| Characteristic | Participants With Events (n = 301) | Participants Without Events (n = 532) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (SD), y | 71 (12) | 65 (10) | <0.001 |
| Men, n (%) | 261 (87) | 416 (78) | 0.002 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.080 | ||
| White | 195 (65) | 304 (57) | |
| Black | 44 (15) | 91 (17) | |
| Other | 61 (20) | 137 (26) | |
| Medication use, n (%) | |||
| Aspirin | 231 (77) | 413 (78) | 0.77 |
| β-Blocker | 177 (59) | 301 (57) | 0.53 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB | 176 (58) | 254 (48) | 0.003 |
| Statin | 187 (62) | 350 (66) | 0.29 |
| Anticoagulant | 30 (10) | 32 (6) | 0.037 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 66 (22) | 102 (19) | 0.36 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 100 (33) | 121 (23) | 0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 225 (75) | 375 (71) | 0.176 |
| Mean systolic BP (SD), mm Hg | 135 (22) | 133 (20) | 0.24 |
| Mean diastolic BP (SD), mm Hg | 74 (12) | 75 (11) | 0.027 |
| Mean waist-to-hip ratio (SD) | 0.97 (0.08) | 0.95 (0.08) | 0.008 |
| Mean peak exercise capacity (SD), METS | 6 (3) | 8 (3) | <0.001 |
| Mean ejection fraction (SD) | 0.59 (0.11) | 0.63 (0.09) | <0.001 |
| Mean estimated GFR (SD), mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 70 (25) | 80 (21) | <0.001 |
| Median total cholesterol level (IQR) | |||
| mmol/L | 4.33 (3.70–5.20) | 4.48 (3.89–5.05) | |
| mg/dL | 167 (143–201) | 173 (150–195) | 0.172 |
| Mean HDL cholesterol level (SD) | |||
| mmol/L | 1.17 (0.36) | 1.22 (0.36) | |
| mg/dL | 45 (14) | 47 (14) | 0.052 |
| Median CRP level (IQR), nmol/L | 25 (12–63) | 19 (8–40) | <0.001 |
| Mean calcium level (SD)† | |||
| mmol/L | 2.4 (0.13) | 2.4 (0.13) | |
| mg/dL | 9.6 (0.5) | 9.6 (0.5) | 0.96 |
| Median phosphorus level (IQR) | |||
| mmol/L | 1.16 (1.07–1.29) | 1.20 (1.07–1.29) | |
| mg/dL | 3.6 (3.3–4.0) | 3.7 (3.3–4.0) | 0.53 |
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB = angiotensin-receptor blocker; BP = blood pressure; CRP = C-reactive protein; GFR = glomerular filtration rate (based on the 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation); HDL = high-density lipoprotein; IQR = interquartile range; METS = metabolic equivalent tasks.
*
Cardiovascular event or death.
†
Adjusted calcium = total calcium + (4.0 − serum albumin)× 0.8.