Table 1.
Treatment-induced aphasia recovery studies with functional MRI
| Study | Aphasia types | LBT | Treatment | Dosage | Scan task | Activation changes* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thompson et al. [56] | 2 agrammatic | Sentence production and comprehension | TUF | 20 wk; 2 1-h sess/wk | Auditory sentence–picture matching | RH STG, MTG, IFG |
| Leger et al. [49] | 1 conduction | Naming | Visually aided articulation training | 6 wk; 6 1-h sess/wk | Overt picture naming; rhyme judgment | LH IFG, SMG |
| Crosson et al. [53] | 2 nonfluent | Naming | Intention treatment | 6 wk; 5 sess/wk | Semantic category-member generation | RH pre-SMA; LH BG |
| Thompson [3] | 3 agrammatic | Sentence production and comprehension | TUF | 5 wk; 2 1-h sess/wk | Auditory sentence–picture matching | BL STG; RH prefrontal, IFG IPS |
| Cherney and Small [26] | 2 Broca | Sentence production and comprehension | Multisensory facilitation | 24 sess; 2–3 sess/wk | Oral reading; passive story comprehension | Reading: RH increase; comprehension: BL decrease |
| Davis et al. [54] | 1 Wernicke | Word comprehension | Semantic-based treatment | 4 wk; 5 1.5-h sess/wk | Lexical decision; verb generation; text listening | LH IFG; RH post-ITG |
| Fridriksson et al. [50] | 2 Broca; 1 anomic | Naming | Errorless learning | 2 wk; 4 h/d | Picture naming | BL STG, IPL |
| Wierenga et al. [55] | 2 nonfluent | Sentence production | Syntactic mapping | 32 90-min sess | Covert picture description (sentence generation) | LH IFG |
| Fridriksson et al. [51] | 2 Broca; 1 conduction | Naming | Phonologic and semantic | 2 wk; 5 2-h sess/wk | Picture naming | BL precuneus |
| Meinzer et al. [45] | 1 amnestic | Unspecified language | CIAT | 10 d; 3-h sess | Picture naming (German and French) | BL MFG, IFG, IPL |
| Vitali et al. [24] | 2 nonfluent | Naming | Phonologic cuing | 8 wk/4 wk; 5 1-h sess/wk | Picture naming | LH IFG, STG; RH homologues |
| Meinzer et al. [44] | 7 Broca; 2 Wernicke; 1 global; 1 unclassified | Unspecified language | CIAT | 10 d; 3-h sess | Picture naming | LH perilesional |
| Richter et al. [46] | 7 Broca; 7 anomic; 2 global | Unspecified language | CIAT | 2 wk; 5 3-h sess/wk | Word reading; word-stem completion | RH IFG and insula decrease |
| Thompson et al. [5] | 6 agrammatic | Sentence production and comprehension | TUF | 6 wk; 2 sess/wk | Auditory sentence verification | BL STG, IPL |
*
Pretreatment to posttreatment activation changes, correlated with improved language function.
BG—basal ganglia; BL—bilateral; CIAT—constraint-induced aphasia therapy; IFG—inferior frontal gyrus; IPL—inferior parietal lobule; IPS—intraparietal sulcus; ITG—inferior temporal gyrus; LBT—language behavior targeted; LH—left hemisphere; MFG—middle frontal gyrus; MTG—middle temporal gyrus; RH—right hemisphere; sess—sessions; SMA—supplementary motor area; SMG—supramarginal gyrus; STG—superior temporal gyrus; TUF—treatment of underlying forms.