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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Epidemiol. 2011 May;21(5):374–381. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.02.007

Table 3.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Hazards Ratios for Major Incident Diabetes Complications by SES Measure Using Cox Proportional Hazard Models.

Incident end-stage renal disease
Unadjusted Model 1a Model 2b
SES Measure HR 95% Cl P AIC HR 95% CI P AIC HR 95% CI P AIC
Low Income 3.3 0.8, 13.9 0.10 313.0 3.1 0.7, 13.2 0.12 313.9 3.8 0.8, 17.6 0.09 233.7
< College Graduate 2.9 1.1, 7.7 0.03 311.0 2.9 1.1, 7.7 0.03 311.4 2.1 0.8, 5.9 0.14 234.9
Non-Professional 1.5 0.7, 3.2 0.30 315.7 1.5 0.7, 3.2 0.31 316.2 1.4 0.6, 3.3 0.46 236.8
Incident coronary artery disease
Unadjusted Model 1a Model 2b
SES Measure HR 95% CI P AIC HR 95% CI P AIC HR 95% CI P AIC
Low Income 1.7 0.8, 3.8 0.19 543.4 1.8 0.8, 3.9 0.17 535.2 1.6 0.6, 4.1 0.37 463.0
< College Graduate 2.4 1.2, 4.7 0.01 538.4 2.5 1.3, 4.9 0.01 529.6 2.0 1.0, 3.8 0.05 461.0
Non-Professional 1.2 0.7, 2.1 0.45 544.5 1.2 0.7, 2.1 0.46 536.5 1.2 0.7, 2.2 0.54 463.5
Incident lower extremity arterial disease
Unadjusted Model 1d Model 2b
SES Measure HR 95% CI P AIC HR 95% CI P AIC HR 95% CI P AIC
Low Income 3.8 1.2, 12.2 0.03 483.2 3.7 1.1, 11.9 0.03 485.6 3.9 1.2, 13.3 0.03 460.2
< College Graduate 1.5 0.8, 2.9 0.18 488.8 1.5 0.8, 2.9 0.18 490.8 1.2 0.6, 2.4 0.53 466.4
Non-Professional 1.2 0.7,2.1 0.59 490.3 1.2 0.7, 2.2 0.52 492.3 1.1 0.6, 2.1 0.72 466.7
Incident autonomic neuropathy
Unadjusted Model 1a Model 2b
SES Measure HR 95% CI P AIC HR 95% CI P AIC HR 95% CI P AIC
Low Income 1.8 1.1, 3.1 0.02 689.2 1.7 1.0, 2.9 0.04 688.5 1.4 0.8, 2.4 0.29 646.1
< College Graduate 1.3 0.8, 2.2 0.25 693.0 1.4 0.9, 2.3 0.17 691.3 1.5 0.9, 2.5 0.16 644.9
Non-Professional 1.4 0.9, 2.1 0.20 692.8 1.5 0.9, 2.3 0.12 691.1 1.3 0.8, 2.2 0.24 645.5

Abbreviations: AIC, Akaike's Information Criterion; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; SES, socioeconomic status

a

Model 1: Adjusted for sex and diabetes duration.

b

Model 2: Adjusted for Model 1 variables and HbA1c, non-HDL cholesterol, hypertension status, prevalent overt nephropathy, and smoking status