Table 3.
The Association of Wealth, Income, and Education With Stroke Incidence After Adjustment for Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Health and Retirement Survey Participants Aged ≥50 Years
| 50 to 64 |
65 to 74 |
75+ |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | (95% CI) | HR | (95% CI) | HR | (95% CI) | |
| Wealth | ||||||
| Lowest 10% | 1.7 | (1.2, 2.5) | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.4) | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.5) |
| 10–<25%ile | 1.5 | (1.1, 2.2) | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.3) | 1.2 | (0.8, 1.7) |
| 25–<50%ile | 1.7 | (1.2, 2.3) | 1.0 | (0.7, 1.3) | 1.1 | (0.8, 1.6) |
| 50–<75%ile | 0.9 | (0.7, 1.3) | 1.0 | (0.7, 1.3) | 1.1 | (0.8, 1.5) |
| 75–<90%ile | reference | |||||
| Top 10% | 1.0 | (0.6, 1.7) | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.3) | 1.0 | (0.6, 1.7) |
| Income | ||||||
| Lowest 10% | 1.6 | (1.2, 2.3) | 1.5 | (0.9, 2.5) | 1.1 | (0.6, 1.9) |
| 10–<25%ile | 1.2 | (0.9, 1.7) | 1.2 | (0.8, 1.9) | 1.5 | (0.9, 2.5) |
| 25–<50%ile | 1.2 | (0.9, 1.6) | 1.3 | (0.9, 1.9) | 1.2 | (0.7, 2.0) |
| 50–<75%ile | 1.1 | (0.9, 1.5) | 0.9 | (0.6, 1.4) | 1.2 | (0.7, 2.0) |
| 75–<90%ile | reference | |||||
| Top 10% | 1.0 | (0.6, 1.5) | 1.3 | (0.8, 2.1) | 1.0 | (0.5, 2.1) |
| Education credential | ||||||
| No degree | 1.1 | (0.9, 1.3) | 1.0 | (0.8, 1.3) | 1.1 | (0.9, 1.4) |
| High school/GED | reference | |||||
| Associates degree | 1.3 | (0.8, 2.0) | 1.0 | (0.5, 2.0) | 1.1 | (0.6, 2.3) |
| Bachelor’s degree | 1.1 | (0.8, 1.6) | 0.7 | (0.5, 1.1) | 1.1 | (0.7, 1.7) |
| Masters/professional | 1.0 | (0.7, 1.6) | 1.0 | (0.7, 1.6) | 1.4 | (0.9, 2.2) |
| Years of education | 1.00 | (0.97, 1.03) | 0.99 | (0.96, 1.03) | 1.01 | (0.98, 1.04) |
Models are adjusted for: education, income categories, wealth categories, age, age-squared, male, black, Hispanic, birth regions (northeast, west, Midwest, south, not US, unknown), father’s occupation (professional/managerial, white collar, skilled manual, unskilled manual, military, farming, missing), mother’s education (<8 years, 8+ years, unknown), father’s education (<8 years, 8+ years, unknown), and self-reported childhood health, self-reported diagnosis of hypertension, current smoking, diabetes, heart disease at baseline, level of vigorous activity at baseline, and body mass index at baseline.
HR indicates hazard ratio; 95% CI indicates 95% confidence interval.
Range for annual income percentiles are: <10th percentile (<$5657); 10 to 24th percentile ($5 657 to $10 521); 25 to 49th percentile ($10 522 to $19 699); 50 to 74th percentile ($19 700 to $35 504); 75 to 89th percentiles ($35 505 to $56 992) and ≥90th percentile (≥$56 993).
Range for wealth percentiles are: <10th percentile (<$1000); 10 to 24th percentile ($1000 to $20 999); 25 to 49th percentile ($21 000 to $67 260); 50 to 74th percentile ($67 261 to $161 299); 75 to 89th percentiles ($162 300 to $344 499) and ≥90th percentile (≥$344 499).