Table 4.
Multivariate Prediction of differences between self-reported and measured weight and body mass index (BMI).
| Weigh difference* (kg) | BMI difference* (kg/m2) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables |
Regression coefficient (ß) (95% CI) |
p value |
Regression coefficient (ß) (95% CI) |
p value | |
| Age | |||||
| <45 years | 0 (Ref.) | 0 (Ref.) | |||
| 45-<55 years | -0.82 (-1.85 to +0.21) | 0.12 | -0.33 (-0.77 to +0.11) | 0.15 | |
| 55-<65 years | +1.35 (+0.30 to +2.40) | 0.01 | +0.22 (-0.23 to +0.67) | 0.33 | |
| 65- <75 years | +1.89 (+0.75 to +3.02) | 0.001 | +0.25 (-0.23 to +0.74) | 0.31 | |
| ≥75 years | +2.29 (+0.99 to +3.58) | 0.001 | -0.11 (-0.66 to +0.44) | 0.71 | |
| Sex (Female vs Male) | -0.14 (-0.89 to +0.60) | 0.70 | +0.08 (-0.24 to +0.39) | 0.64 | |
| Obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2) (measured) | -2.73 (-3.47 to -1.98) | <0.001 | -1.55 (-1.86 to -1.23) | <0.001 | |
| Ever smokers | -0.71 (-1.59 to +0.17) | 0.12 | -0.18 (-0.55 to +0.20) | 0.36 | |
| Married | -0.44 (-1.32 to +0.44) | 0.33 | -0.12 (-0.50 to +0.26) | 0.54 | |
| Time lag between measurements | |||||
| Quartile 1 (<1.29 years) | 0 (Ref.) | 0 (Ref.) | |||
| Quartile 2 (≥1.29 - <1.58 years) | -0.07 (-1.00 to +0.86) | 0.88 | +0.01 (-0.38 to +0.41) | 0.95 | |
| Quartile 3 (≥1.58 - <2.33 years) | -0.26 (-1.19 to +0.67) | 0.59 | -0.12 (-0.52 to +0.28) | 0.56 | |
| Quartile 4 (≥2.33 years) | +0.59 (-0.37 to +1.55) | 0.23 | +0.25 (-0.16 to +0.66) | 0.23 | |
| Education | |||||
| ≤High School | 0 (Ref.) | 0 (Ref.) | |||
| ≤2-year college | -1.27 (-2.16 to -0.38) | 0.05 | -0.39 (-0.77 to -0.01) | 0.04 | |
| ≤Doctoral degree | -0.63 (-1.59 to +0.32) | 0.19 | -0.13 (-0.54 to +0.28) | 0.53 | |
| Income per capita1 | |||||
| Low | 0 (Ref.) | 0 (Ref.) | |||
| Medium | -0.29 (-1.26 to +0.69) | 0.53 | -0.24 (-0.66 to +0.18) | 0.26 | |
| High | -0.56 (-1.68 to +0.57) | 0.33 | -0.26 (-0.75 to +0.22) | 0.28 | |
| Race | |||||
| White | 0 (Ref.) | 0 (Ref.) | |||
| Black | +0.01 (-0.74 to +0.75) | 0.99 | -0.10 (-0.42 to +0.22) | 0.56 | |
| Hispanic | -0.11 (-1.89 to +1.67) | 0.90 | -0.16 (-0.92 to +0.60) | 0.68 | |
| Asian | +0.80 (-1.63 to +3.23) | 0.52 | +0.30 (-0.74 to +1.34) | 0.29 | |
| Other | -1.27 (-4.77 to +2.23) | 0.48 | -0.31 (-1.81 to +1.18) | 0.49 | |
| Physical Activity2 | |||||
| Low | 0 (Ref.) | 0 (Ref.) | |||
| Medium | -0.36 (-1.35 to +0.64) | 0.48 | -0.23 (-0.66 to +0.19) | 0.29 | |
| High | -0.33 (-1.28 to +0.64) | 0.51 | -0.14 (-0.55 to +0.27) | 0.49 | |
| Soy consumers3 | +1.39 (+0.46 to +2.32) | 0.003 | +0.56 (+0.16 to +0.96) | 0.006 | |
| Nuts consumption | |||||
| ≤1/week | 0 (Ref.) | 0 (Ref.) | |||
| 2 to 4/week | -0.11 (-0.95 to +0.74) | 0.80 | -0.05 (-0.41 to +0.31) | 0.78 | |
| ≥5/week | -0.26 (-1.10 to +0.58) | 0.55 | -0.02 (-0.37 to +0.34) | 0.94 | |
| Diet4 | |||||
| Non-vegetarian | 0 (Ref.) | 0 (Ref.) | |||
| Semi-vegetarian | -1.04 (-1.95 to -0.13) | 0.03 | -0.42 (-0.81 to -0.04) | 0.03 | |
| Vegetarian | -0.61 (-1.44 to +0.22) | 0.15 | -0.25 (-0.60 to +0.10) | 0.17 | |
95% CI: 95% Confidence Interval.
*Difference = Self-reported - Measured.
All the variables are adjusted through a multivariate linear regression analysis for the all variables shown in the table.
1) Low: <10,000$, medium: ≥10,000 - <30,000$, High: ≥30,000$.
2) Low: < 20 minutes of non-vigorous activity; medium: ≥20 minutes of non-vigorous activity; high: ≥20 minutes of vigorous activity.
3) Soy consumers: ≥ 1 g of soy protein consumption per day.
4) Semi-vegetarian: low meat consumption and pesco; Vegetarian: Vegan and Lactovegetarian.