Table 4.
Potential risk factors for previous infection with schistosoma spp
| Total | Antibody-positive | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | PR | PRR | (95%CI) | p-value | PRR | (95%CI) | p-value | ||
| Number of subjects | 1207 | 112 | 9.3% | NA | |||||
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 521 | 60 | 11.5% | 1.6 | (1.1-2.3) | 0.020 | 1.6 | (1.1-2.4) | 0.020 |
| Female | 686 | 52 | 7.6% | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Median age in years | 38 | 43 | 1.01 | (0.99-1.03) | 0.076 | ||||
| (Interquartile range) | (29-51) | (31-54) | |||||||
| Country of birth | |||||||||
| Western country | 1118 | 100 | 8.9% | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Non-Western country | 89 | 12 | 13.5% | 1.6 | (0.84-3.0) | 0.16 | 1.1 | (0.58-2.2) | 0.71 |
| Previous travel to a developing country | 0.022 | 0.14 | |||||||
| Never | 221 | 12 | 5.4% | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 1 to 5 times | 703 | 64 | 9.1% | 1.7 | (0.92-3.3) | 0.086 | 1.7 | (0.83-3.3) | 0.15 |
| 6 times or more | 283 | 36 | 12.7% | 2.5 | (1.3-5.0) | 0.007 | 2.2 | (1.01-4.7) | 0.048 |
| Previous travel destinations | |||||||||
| Not Asia | 537 | 41 | 7.6% | 1 | |||||
| Asia | 670 | 71 | 10.6% | 1.4 | (0.96-2.1) | 0.08 | |||
| Not Latin America | 661 | 51 | 7.7% | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Latin America | 546 | 61 | 11.2% | 1.5 | (1.02-2.2) | 0.040 | 1.2 | (0.78-1.9) | 0.41 |
| Not Africa | 679 | 56 | 8.2% | 1 | |||||
| Africa | 528 | 56 | 10.6% | 1.3 | (0.89-1.9) | 0.16 | |||
| Primary purpose of current travel | 0.005 | 0.010 | |||||||
| Tourism | 1032 | 84 | 8.1% | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Work or education | 99 | 15 | 15.2% | 2.0 | (1.1-3.6) | 0.021 | 1.9 | (1.1-3.6) | 0.030 |
| Visiting friends/relatives | 76 | 13 | 17.1% | 2.1 | (1.2-4.4) | 0.009 | 2.2 | (1.2-4.3) | 0.016 |
| N: number of cases | |||||||||
| PR: prevalence rate | |||||||||
| PRR: prevalence rate ratio | |||||||||
| CI: confidence intervals | |||||||||
| NA: not applicable | |||||||||