Table 2.
HIV risk behavior, psychiatric symptoms, and quality of life as a function of HIV status.
| HIV-positive | HIV-negative | Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sexual Risk | ||||
| Engaging in sex within last 6 months (n = 528) a | Yes | 47 (70%) | 413 (90%) | 460 (87%) ** |
| No | 20 (30%) | 48 (10%) | 68 (13%) | |
| Condom use at last sexual encounter (n = 460) | Yes | 36 (77%) | 192 (46%) | 228 (50%) ** |
| No | 11 (23%) | 221 (54%) | 232 (50%) | |
| Frequency of condom use within last 6 months (n = 391) a | Always/Frequently | 16 (42%) | 66 (18%) | 82 (21%) ** |
| Often/Sometimes | 9 (24%) | 76 (22%) | 85 (22%) | |
| Few/Never | 13 (34%) | 211 (60%) | 224 (57%) | |
| Drug-related risk | ||||
| Heroin injection within last 6 months (n = 518) a | Yes | 54 (81%) | 403 (89%) | 457 (88%) * |
| No | 13 (19%) | 48 (11%) | 61 (12%) | |
| Sharing syringes during last 6 months (n = 457) a | Always/Frequently | 2 (4%) | 3 (1%) | 5 (1%) |
| Often/Sometimes | 5 (9%) | 19 (5%) | 24 (5%) | |
| Few/Never | 47 (87%) | 381 (94%) | 428 (94%) | |
| Psychiatric Symptoms (n = 523) a | ||||
| Anxiety | No | 51 (78.5%) | 362 (79.0%) | 413 (79.0%) |
| Yes | 14 (21.5%) | 96 (21.0%) | 110 (21.0%) | |
| Depression | No | 47 (72.3%) | 334 (72.9%) | 381 (72.8%) |
| Yes | 18 (27.7%) | 124 (27.1%) | 142 (27.2%) | |
| Memory loss | No | 46 (70.8%) | 306 (66.8%) | 352 (67.3%) |
| Yes | 19 (29.2%) | 152 (33.2%) | 171 (32.7%) | |
| Attempted suicide | No | 46 (70.8%) | 306 (66.8%) | 352 (67.3%) |
| Yes | 19 (29.2%) | 152 (33.2%) | 171 (32.7%) | |
| Psychiatric medication prescribed | No | 52 (80.0%) | 386 (84.5%) | 438 (83.9%) |
| Yes | 13 (20.0%) | 71 (15.5%) | 84 (16.1%) | |
| Quality of life (n = 551) a | Range 0 to 100 | (mean ± SD) | (mean ± SD) | (mean ± SD) |
| Physical domain | 58.22 ± 17.57 | 56.80 ± 16.07 | 56.98 ± 16.25 | |
| Psychological domain | 45.27 ± 15.91 | 48.91 ± 14.77 | 48.46 ± 14.95 | |
| Social domain | 50.51 ± 19.05 | 54.02 ± 18.54 | 53.58 ± 18.62 | |
| Environment domain | 53.42 ± 16.79 | 51.45 ± 17.13 | 51.69 ± 17.08 | |
* p < 0.05.
** p < 0.01.
a Missing values were omitted from the statistical analyses.
Note: χ2 and t tests were used to examine differences between the HIV groups on categorical and continuous variables respectively. A Fisher exact test was performed to examine the relationship between syringe sharing and HIV.