Table 1. Characteristics of faller and non-faller (n = 1377).
| Total | Non-faller (n = 1064) | Faller (n = 313) | p-value | |
| Gender (female) | 673 (48.9%) | 489 (45.9%) | 184 (58.8%) | <0.001 |
| Age (year) | 74.9±6.8 | 74.4±6.5 | 76.6±7.2 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 516 (37.5%) | 402 (37.8%) | 114 (36.4%) | 0.69 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 150 (10.9%) | 114 (10.7%) | 36 (11.5%) | 0.68 |
| Parkinson's disease | 17 (1.2%) | 8 (0.8%) | 9 (2.9%) | 0.006 |
| Dementia | 9 (0.7%) | 4 (0.4%) | 5 (1.6%) | 0.03 |
| Arrhythmia | 24 (1.7%) | 10 (0.9%) | 14 (4.5%) | <0.001 |
| BSRS-5 ≧6 | 244 (17.7%) | 169 (15.9%) | 75 (24.0%) | 0.001 |
| SPMSQ ≧3 | 29 (2.1%) | 15 (1.4%) | 14 (4.5%) | 0.003 |
| Karnofsky Scale | 89.4±3.8 | 89.9±3.1 | 88.3±5.0 | <0.001 |
| Visual acuity | 0.36±0.23 | 0.37±0.24 | 0.32±0.21 | <0.001 |
| Body weight (kg) | 61.4±10.2 | 61.7±10.1 | 60.5±10.3 | 0.07 |
| Height (cm) | 158.6±8.4 | 159.1±8.2 | 156.8±8.7 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4±3.3 | 24.3±3.3 | 24.6±3.5 | 0.16 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 87.1±9.5 | 86.7±9.2 | 88.5±10.4 | 0.004 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 130.3±17.6 | 130.1±17.5 | 130.9±18.1 | 0.53 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 73.1±24.7 | 73.5±27.4 | 71.6±10.7 | 0.23 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 103.0±23.2 | 102.6±22.9 | 104.2±24.4 | 0.34 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.8±1.4 | 13.9±1.4 | 13.5±1.4 | 0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.5±0.3 | 4.5±0.3 | 4.4±0.3 | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 25.1±16.6 | 25.1±15.3 | 25.3±22.8 | 0.92 |
| ALT (U/L) | 24.1±24.8 | 24.3±26.6 | 23.4±16.8 | 0.62 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 16.7±6.1 | 16.5±5.7 | 17.3±7.5 | 0.07 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.97±0.50 | 0.96±0.36 | 1.03±0.81 | 0.02 |
Data expressed as mean±SD for continuous variables in normal distribution.
Mean [median value] for continuous variables not in normal distribution.
All statistical tests were two-tailed, and a significance level of p = 0.05 or less was used.
SPMSQ, the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire; BSRS-5, the 5-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen.