Fig 4 Effect of calcium supplements with or without vitamin D on cardiovascular events: trial-level data. The panels show data for 28 072 participants in eight trials of calcium supplements with complete trial-level data,^{1 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17} plus data for the WHI CaD Study participants not taking personal calcium supplements at baseline. Lappe et al⁹ randomised participants to calcium, calcium and vitamin D, or placebo: we pooled the outcomes from both the calcium and calcium and vitamin D arms. Grant et al⁸included calcium v placebo arms (“Grant 2005”) and calcium plus vitamin D v vitamin D plus placebo arms (“Grant 2005 Vit D”). The composite outcome for Prince et al¹⁶ was myocardial infarction, stroke, or sudden death