Table 1.

Data Collection Process

A bilingual clinic staff member or research assistant recruited patients prior to being seen by the clinician (PI or co-PI) who was blinded to participation status. Individuals meeting inclusion criteria (English or Spanish speaking adults ≥ 18 years of age requesting treatment of pain who were residents along U.S./Mexico border and able to give informed consent) were asked to participate in the study. Participants were reassured that participation was voluntary and decision would not affect quality of care as clinician. Disadvantages and advantages of participation were explained and informed consent obtained in patient’s primary language Once consent form was signed, demographic information and scales for pain, acculturation, and functioning were completed in patient’s primary language with assistance A bilingual staff member or research assistant reviewed forms for completion. If needed, this trained staff person assisted the individual with completion of the forms.