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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nurs Clin North Am. 2011 Jun;46(2):193–199. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2011.02.009

Table 2.

Data Collection Methods

Variable Description Reliability & Validity
Demographic data Self-reported gender, date and place of birth, marital status, length lived in US Questions designed specifically for study
Socioeconomic status Self-reported annual income, occupation, level and place of education (part of demographic data)
Acculturation Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics SASH) consists of 12 items that tap language use, media preferences, and ethnic social relations. Possible scores range from 12 (low) to 60 (high acculturation) 24. Strong internal consistency (coefficient alpha = .92) and validity for Hispanic and Non- Hispanic samples24
Pain severity Equidistant 0–10 numerical rating scale (NRS) (from no pain to worst pain possible)25 Reported25
Depression Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) consists of 21 items that measures various symptoms of depression. Possible scores range 0–63, with the higher the number indicating higher level of depression26. High reliability and validity reported for English26 and Spanish27 versions
Function SF-36 short form version 2 (SF-36vr2) measures quality of life and overall functioning. It provides two summary scores (physical component summary or PCS and mental component summary or MCS), and scores for 8 individual scales28. Norm-based scoring allows comparison across general and specific adult populations including the elderly29. Only the PCS was used for this study, Demonstrated reliability using test-retest and internal consistency methods (α ≥ 0.80 for subscales and 0.90 for component scores) and content, concurrent, criterion, construct, and predictive validity for English and Spanish versions29