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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Adolesc Health. 2010 Sep 20;48(5):441–447. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.07.032

Table 4.

Effects of father absence on onset of breast development (stratified by income) and pubic hair development (stratified by income and ethnicity).

	Before adjusting for BMI			After adjusting for BMI
	n	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p-value	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	p-value
BREAST ONSET
Higher Income (≥$50,000)^a	276	2.0(1.0 – 3.9)	0.05	2.4(1.2 – 4.9)	.01
Lower income (<$50,000)^a	162	0.8(0.5 – 1.2)	0.27	0.8(0.5 – 1.2)	.25
PUBIC HAIR ONSET
Higher Income (≥$50,000)
African American	42	3.3(1.2 – 8.6)	0.02	4.6(1.6 – 12.7)	.00
Non-African American^b	231	--	--	--	--
Lower income (<$50,000)
African American	51	1.3(0.6 – 2.8)	0.47	1.1(0.5 – 2.6)	.78
Non-African American^a	107	0.6(0.2 – 1.7)	0.39	0.7(0.2 – 1.7)	.40

^a

Adjusted for ethnicity.

^b

Insufficient # of pubertal events in this category.